Chengdu has a long history and is known as "Land of Abundance", "Jiangnan of Sichuan" and "Suzhou and Hangzhou of Sichuan". According to historical records, in the middle of 5th century BC, the ancient Shu kingdom moved its capital from Fan Xiang (Shuangliu), the capital of Guangdu, to build a city. As for the origin of a famous Chengdu, according to Taiping Ji, it is borrowed from the historical process of establishing the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and named Chengdu after Zhou's "living in one year, becoming two years, becoming three years". The pronunciation of the word "Chengdu" in Shu dialect is the capital of Shu. Chengdu means "the last capital of Shu" or "the last capital". During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Meng Changjun, the Emperor of the Later Shu Dynasty, favored hibiscus flowers and ordered the people to plant hibiscus trees on the city walls. When the flowers bloom, Chengdu is called "the city of hibiscus", so Chengdu is also called "the city of hibiscus" for short. Jinsha Site, unearthed on February 8, 200 1 year, advanced the history of Chengdu from 31year BC to 6 165438 BC. [3]

Qin and Han dynasties

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu developed economically and culturally. In 3 16 BC, Qin annexed Shu (capital Chengdu) and Pakistan (capital Chongqing) successively. In 106 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established 13 State History Department in China and Yizhou History Department in Chengdu, which was in charge of Ba, Shu, Guanghan and Qianwei. At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Chengdu replaced the Central Plains and was called "Tianfu". At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Gongsun Shu proclaimed himself emperor and decided to settle down in Chengdu. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ada worked as a "Yizhou animal husbandry" and moved to Chengdu from Luojun County, Guanghan County, with Chengdu as the state, county and county. During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu's brocade was very developed, with "Jin Guan", so it was called "Jin Guan Cheng" or "Jin Cheng". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chengdu developed its commerce and became a national metropolis. In the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu had a population of 76,000 and nearly 400,000, making it one of the six largest cities in China (Chang 'an, Luoyang, Handan, Lintao, Wan and Chengdu).

Song and Yuan Dynasties

During the Yao Dynasty, Chengdu was prosperous and its economy and culture were more developed. The silk industry has expanded in scale and variety. The varieties of Shu brocade developed from more than 10 in Tang Dynasty to more than 40 in Song Dynasty. It can weave new patterns such as Tianma, flying fish, peacock and Ruyi peony, accounting for more than 70% of the total number handed in in China. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, there were special silkworm markets, medicine markets and flower markets in Chengdu. Due to the development of commerce, the world's earliest paper money "Jiaozi" appeared in Chengdu. During the reign of Renzong in the Northern Song Dynasty, a government-run Jiaozi business was established in Yizhou (Chengdu), which was publicly printed by the government and issued "Jiaozi". In the fifth year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1257), the Yuan army captured Chengdu. In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (1286), the central government of Yuan Dynasty established "Sichuan and other provinces in China" in Chengdu, hereinafter referred to as "Sichuan Province".

Ming and Qing dynasties

In the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (137 1), the Ming army defeated the Daxia regime established by Ming Yuzhen and set up the chief secretary of Sichuan Chengxuan in Chengdu, with Chengdu as the capital. Chun Zhu, the 11th son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was named King of Shu, and his palace was in Chengdu, which is now the "imperial city". In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644), Zhang led the army into Chengdu and became emperor on his own, which was called Chengdu Xijing. During the reign of Kangxi, the imperial court carried out the immigration of "Huguang filling Sichuan", and Chengdu gradually recovered its vitality, and the provincial capital moved back to Chengdu. In the Qing Dynasty, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sichuan was located in Chengdu. The emperor also sent the Governor of Sichuan and the General of Chengdu to Chengdu. In the second year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1863), Shi Dakai, the general of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, led an army into Sichuan and failed to attack Chengdu. The Qing army captured him and executed him in an alley in Chengdu.