Ghost, a non-existent, but ubiquitous, ever-present spiritual monster, exists for a long time and never dies. Since there have been words, there have been records of ghosts.
People who talk about ghosts and write ghosts have existed since ancient times. And Lin Liming's book "The World of Quotations" tells the world of ghosts thoroughly, and he is also one of the few authors who can tell ghosts clearly. This book is out of print at present, but it is really an interesting book. After reading this book, the understanding of the ghost world seems to open a new door.
There are many ghosts in the underworld. Ghost, what is it?
1、
Ghosts are first associated with souls, and souls are associated with dreams. Engels wrote a passage in "ludwig feuerbach and the End of German Classical Philosophy": In ancient times, people didn't know the structure of their bodies at all, and were influenced by the scenes in their dreams, so they had an idea that their thoughts and feelings were not the activities of the body, but the unique activities of the soul who lived in this body and left it when people died. Since then, people have to think about the relationship between this soul and the outside world.
After long-term thinking, ancient people came to a conclusion that man is composed of body and soul. They think that everyone has a "material self" and a "spiritual self". The soul lives in the human body and is an invisible and intangible "spiritual self". The body will die, but the soul is immortal. When a person dies, the soul will leave the body and go to the underworld, so it becomes a ghost.
Another situation is that early humans could not understand various phenomena such as wind, rain, lightning and fog in nature, and nature left all kinds of incomprehensible "mysterious forces" to humans, believing that ghosts and gods were manipulating them.
2、
In the early days, ghosts stayed in the thinking stage to make up for the unknown left by the world. But with the development of society, ghosts and gods gradually have its social attributes. Governing society with ghosts and gods is a great invention of human beings and an indispensable existence in institutional rules.
Anyone who has studied history knows that "the monarch is given by God". Why does a high throne need something that doesn't exist to be awarded?
According to historical records, Liu Bang's mother's name is Liu Wei. When she was resting on the slope near osawa, she fell into a hazy dream. I dreamed that a red dragon was playing with her. At this time, the sky was stormy, with lightning and thunder. Taigong hurried to see her, and found a red scale dragon hovering above her head, and it rained in Mao Mao at the same time. Soon, Liu Wei became pregnant and gave birth to Emperor Gaozu. -This is the myth of "feeling in heaven" and "feeling born in heaven". After Liu Bang seized power, he fabricated this myth to prove that he was a descendant of the Emperor of Heaven, so as to win the awe of the people and safeguard the rule of Liu Huangquan.
This absurd (or euphemistically called "beautiful myth") statement appeared in a large number of pre-Qin classics as early as 2000. In The Book of Songs, it is said that "a mysterious bird descended from the sky and gave birth to the Shang Dynasty" (the ancestor of the Shang Dynasty was a swallow's egg), while Hou Ji, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty, was born after his mother Jiang Yuan was pregnant, and "Emperor Wu" was the footprint of the Emperor of Heaven.
They all created the foundation for the "divine right of monarchy", which can be regarded as one of the earliest "foolish people policies". The imperial seal of the later emperors was engraved with the words "I was ordered by heaven to live forever", and I'm afraid it goes back to this.
3、
Do you think ghosts are useful? In fact, there is something better, that is, "the ghost decides the prince."
In ancient times, the rules of succession to the throne were simple and rude. The father died and the son succeeded, and the brother died. But the ancient emperors had too many sons, and it was cruel to compete for the crown prince. When everyone is fighting, those who have mystery will use ghosts and gods to prove how the "prince" should choose. As soon as the devils came out, the struggle subsided.
According to the Records of the Five Elements of Han Dynasty, during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, a willow tree in the imperial garden rose again after breaking its branches, giving birth to new branches and leaves. Looking closely, countless insects are eating leaves, and the leaves and soil actually say: "Gongsun disease has been established." It means that GongSunJi wants to be emperor. Later, Liu Bingyi (Liu Xun), the grand nephew of Emperor Zhao Han, became the emperor. There are words on the tree, not bitten by insects, but carved by people. There are many things in history that cut down trees and carve stones under the guise of providence. The theory that "Gongsun's disease has been established" is obviously an Austrian preparation made by Liu Bingyi for his coming to power, which adds a legal basis for his coming to power.
4、
The first one to play was Chen Sheng, who shouted, "A prince would rather have seeds." .
In osawa Township, due to the heavy rain, according to the decree of the Qin Dynasty, procrastinators should be put to death. So Chen Sheng discussed with Guangwu: "It is also death to run away now, and it is also death to do great things in the uprising. Both of them are dead. Why not die for something big? " Two people have been thinking about it, and then ask the fortune teller good or bad. The fortune teller sued the "ghost divination" method. Therefore, we use ghosts and gods to encourage work. First, we wrote the word "Chen" on the silk with vermilion, and then stuffed it into the fish's stomach. The guards bought fish for cooking and were surprised to see the silk book in the fish's belly. Then he lit a bonfire in the jungle next to a nearby temple and pretended to be what does the fox say: "Chu Xing, Chen." The garrison was even more surprised. In that case, screw it!
It is Hong Xiuquan who plays ghosts to the peak.
Hong Xiuquan rebelled in the name of "worshiping God". The uprising team soon became huge and shocked the Qing Dynasty. "Worship God" is nothing more than saying that this uprising is an act of God. This has a very strange cohesion. When Feng Yunshan, the king of the south, was arrested and imprisoned, Yang, the king of the east, used his quick wits and went down to earth in person under the guise of "father" to teach Christians a lesson in the name of "father", which made people's hearts stable. Xiao Chaogui, the Queen Mother of the West, calls herself "Brother Tian" and can take a message to everyone. As the leader of the uprising, Hong Xiuquan is the son of God and the younger brother of Jesus, but in the religion of "worshipping God", his position is not as high as that of "Father Yang". Whenever the "heavenly father" is reduced to "possessed", Hong Xiuquan has to listen respectfully to Yang's reprimand. The ghost "Heavenly Father" played a considerable role in uniting, inspiring and organizing at that time.
Ghost is a tool, as long as you can play, you can do it for the so-called behavior. The unification of the ancient ruling class has a lot to do with ghosts. Man invented ghosts and made full use of them. Those who make good use of ghosts are called "ghosts".