/kloc-a cultural trend of thought and artistic tendency popular in European countries from the 0/7th century to the 0/9th century. It originated in France in the17th century and has three different artistic tendencies. One is the nostalgia and imitation of the artistic style of classical works in ancient Greece and Rome, and the classicism represented by Pu Sang, which advocates eternity and natural rationality. In a narrow sense, there is classicism, represented by David Dewitt, who advocates the spirit of revolution and struggle, and the second tendency is the repetition of this nostalgic style that rose during the French Revolution from 17 to 19 century. The third is academic classicism represented by Angel, which pursues perfect form and exemplary style.

From14th century to16th century, with the aim of adhering to realistic methods and embodying humanistic thoughts, fine arts created a brand-new art that best conforms to the realistic humanity under the banner of tracing back the artistic spirit of ancient Greece and Rome. Italy's Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael are the three representatives of Renaissance art. Leonardo da Vinci is both an artist and a scientist. His masterpieces The Last Supper and Mona Lisa are considered to be the first in the world famous paintings. Michelangelo, on the other hand, left a model work that best represented the artistic level in the heyday of the Renaissance in sculpture, painting and architecture. The characters he created are magnificent, strong and verve. Raphael is the most successful with his beautiful and elegant image of the Virgin. His Madonna is lofty and ordinary, and is regarded as the embodiment of beauty and goodness, which fully embodies the ideal of humanism.

1.17th century art: Baroque art appeared in17th century Europe, originated in Italy, and was popular all over Europe. Especially before the French Revolution and its political and social reform, there was a pure artistic revolution, which was the neoclassical art movement. It is characterized by the pursuit of passion and sense of movement, emphasizing gorgeous decoration. This style is embodied in painting, sculpture and architecture. Rubens of Flanders is a representative figure of baroque painting, and his passionate and colorful paintings have a lasting influence on western painting. Contemporary masters of realism, such as Rembrandt in the Netherlands and velazquez in Spain, also have baroque characteristics to some extent.

18th century art: Rococo style18th century rose in France and then spread to other European countries. Rococo art is characterized by the pursuit of fineness and exquisiteness. Representative painters are Hua Tuo, Boucher and fragonard. With the arrival of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789, progressive artists revived the heroic spirit of ancient Greece and Rome again and launched the neoclassical art movement. Its representative painters are David and Angel of France. Romanticism rose with the decline of neoclassicism. The Raft of Medusa by Gregory of France is regarded as the pioneering work of romantic painting, but Delacroix is the main leader of this movement. His paintings are strong in color, bold and unrestrained in pen, and full of strong passion. His representative works include Shia Island Massacre and Free Leadership of the People. Luther's La Marseillaise and Carpau's Dance are outstanding romantic sculptures. /kloc-French art in the 0/8th century is neither a reproduction of ancient Greek and Roman art nor a repetition of French classicism in the 0/7th century. Adapting to the needs of bourgeois revolution is a trend of art. The so-called neoclassicism is relative to the classicism of17th century. At the same time, because this neoclassical art movement is closely related to the French Revolution, some people call it "revolutionary classicism".

Iii.19th century art:19th century is the period when realistic art flourished. French painter Courbet is an advocate of realism. His masterpiece "The Funeral of Onan" is a "human comedy" in painting, while "Masonry" profoundly reveals social contradictions and shows the author's sympathy for the working people. Miller, a hardworking and simple farmer painter, praised the hard-working farmers with mellow and sincere feelings. Du Miai, a political satirist, has created a large number of prints and oil paintings with profound thoughts and exaggerated images. Kohl Huizhi, a German female printmaker, created a series of copperplate and lithograph prints reflecting the workers' movement and peasant revolution with her social democratic thoughts and distinctive personal style. Russian critical realism produced outstanding painters, such as Lie Bin and Surikov. The works of French sculptor Rodin also have certain realistic characteristics. Impressionism came into being in France in the late19th century. This school of painting appeared with an innovative attitude, which opposed the outdated artistic concepts and rules of the classical academic school at that time, was inspired by modern optics and chromatics, and paid attention to expressing the effect of light in painting. Representative painters include Manet, Monet, Renoir, Degas, pissarro and Sisley. After impressionism, new impressionism (represented by Seurat and Sinek) and post-impressionism (represented by Cezanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin) appeared. In fact, post-impressionism and impressionism are not the same in artistic opinions, or even completely opposite. Among them, Van Gogh's paintings emphasize his strong feelings, with bright colors and bold lines. Gauguin's paintings have symbolic meaning and decorative lines and colors. Cezanne's painting pursues geometric structure, so it is known as "the father of modern art".

As an artistic trend of thought, classicism's aesthetic principle is to express realistic moral concepts with ancient artistic ideals and norms, and to express contemporary ideological themes with typical historical events, that is, to borrow the past from the present. Classical painting takes this spirit as its connotation, advocates elegant and lofty themes, solemn and simple forms, emphasizes rationality but despises emotion, emphasizes sketch and rigorous appearance, belittles the expression of color and brushwork, pursues the balance and integrity of composition, and strives to make the works produce an ancient tranquility and severe beauty. In terms of techniques, classical painting emphasizes accurate sketching techniques and soft light and shade tones, pays attention to making the image shape concise and summarized like a sculpture, and pursues grand composition methods, solemn style and boldness.