Historical and Social Reference Answers of New Curriculum Autonomous Learning Resources (Grade 8)

Unit 5 the arrival of industrial civilization

Lesson 1 The Rise of Industry and Commerce

1. Italian small workshop factory 2. A 3。 B

4. Fill in the form:

produce

Mode, scale, output, division of labor and cooperation, whether the owner participates in labor or employs workers.

Small workshop, small low, no, yes, no.

Is the handicraft workshop big and tall, is it?

5. Handicraft workshops have higher production efficiency, and new production relations have emerged in handicraft workshops that are different from feudal society.

6. Vigorously develop industry and commerce and implement policies that are beneficial to businessmen. For example, Queen Elizabeth of England ordered the removal of barriers, the acceptance of skilled foreign craftsmen, and the reuse of businessmen in the government, allowing them to directly participate in the formulation of fiscal policies.

7. Trade 8.d9.23 14

10. Connection:

Artisans, craftsmen, shopkeepers, bourgeoisie

Noble businessman

Farmers hire workers, that is, the proletariat.

1 1. Connection:

Nobles have money and no position to start a business.

Businessmen have no money or privilege to improve their status step by step.

Farmers have no money, no status and barely make a living.

salary earner

12.( 1) Columbus praised gold, and Shakespeare criticized gold, which was a compliment. () Gold is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, gold can not only improve people's economic and political status, but also be a driving force to promote people to work hard and develop productive forces. For example, opening up new air routes and promoting foreign trade. On the other hand, many people regard the pursuit of gold as their greatest goal in life, which leads to many ugly phenomena of money worship in that society. () Omit.

The second lesson is to break through the cage of thought.

1. 14 Italian thought, new bourgeois religious ignorance 2. Germany

3. Martin Luther Protestant German Roman Church 4. Rational enlightenment

5.B 6。 B 7。 An eight. A

9. Before the Renaissance, people were afraid of nature, and it was difficult for human beings to make a difference in the face of natural phenomena. With the development of society and the progress of productive forces, people's understanding of nature has also changed, and it is put forward that "knowledge is power". It is believed that as long as we know nature and master its laws, we can conquer nature and make it benefit mankind.

10.( 1) Face the facts, pursue the truth, advance forever and keep making progress. (2) Heliocentrism, who developed Copernicus, pointed out that the sun is not the center of the universe, because the universe is infinite.

1 1.C 12 .D 13 .C

14.

National contribution of domain figures

literature

Art Leonardo da Vinci's Italian Mona Lisa

Shakespeare's English Romeo and Juliet and Hamlet