Detailed knowledge points of history college entrance examination
1.① With the signing of the first batch of unequal treaties such as 1840 Opium War and treaty of nanking, China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society;
② 1856 The Second Opium War and the signing of the Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty deepened the degree of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in China.
③ 1894
The Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and the signing of treaty of shimonoseki greatly deepened the semi-colonial degree of China society.
(4) 1900 Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China and China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
2.① The trading ports of treaty of nanking are Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai.
② Tianjin Treaty opened 10 places, among which Chaozhou (later changed to Shantou) belongs to today's Guangdong Province.
③ The Beijing Treaty was opened to Tianjin.
④ treaty of shimonoseki is open to Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou.
3. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the first two provinces to reform were Anhui and Sichuan.
The first two provinces to open were Guangdong and Fujian.
4. ① The four special economic zones established in1980 are _ Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen. (Note: Known as "a city that rose overnight"? Belong to Guangdong province? )
② Hainan Special Economic Zone was established in 1988.
③ 1990 The opening of Shanghai Pudong became the focus and symbol of China's reform and opening up in 1990s.
The biggest change in modern life customs is in Shanghai.
At the beginning of the 20th century, cars began to appear in Shanghai.
③ The first local telephone in China was opened in Nanjing.
④ The first cable and telegraph line in China was built in Taiwan Province Province.
⑤ 1833 The first Chinese newspaper was founded in Guangzhou. (Monthly biography of East-West exams)
⑥ The oldest and most influential Chinese newspaper in modern China was founded in Shanghai. (Shen Bao)
6.① 193 1 year, the Japanese army created the September 18th Incident and occupied the whole northeast in less than half a year.
(2) 1932 The Japanese attacked Shanghai, which triggered the December 28th Incident.
(3)1935, the Japanese army invaded and occupied North China, and created a series of events, collectively known as the "North China Incident".
④ The July 7th Incident (Lugouqiao Incident) was made in July 1937 and became the beginning of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China.
⑤ 65438+August 0937 created the August 13th incident and threatened Nanjing.
Main points of history college entrance examination knowledge
First, the background of Shang Yang's political reform
(A) the background of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (inevitability)
1. Economy: the development of social economy and the emergence of feudal relations of production (the development of productive forces-the establishment of private ownership of land-the change of class relations)
2. Politics: the change of superstructure: the destruction of feudal patriarchal system
3. Military (the need of war): Qiang Bing, a rich country, has become the internal driving force for reform.
4. Ideology and culture: a hundred schools of thought contend (Legalists become the ideological weapon of political reform)
(2) The reforms and reforms in various countries provided experiences and lessons for Shang Yang's reform (Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period).
1 Spring and Autumn Period: Guanzhong reformed the "initial tax mu" of Lu State.
2 Warring States Period: Li Kui Reform and Wuqi Reform.
(3) Qin needs reform and has the conditions for reform (specific background).
(1) internal advantages:
The monarch's power is centralized, while the slave owner's noble power is weak;
Legalists are easily recognized.
Simple folk customs, full of martial spirit.
(2) External opportunities
The separation of the three factions greatly weakened the power to curb the development of Qin.
Scholars in the Central Plains lobbied other countries, which made it possible for the Qin State to recruit talents.
(3) The direct cause: Qin Xiaogong made great efforts to strengthen himself and appointed Shang Yang to reform.
Second, the content of Shang Yang's political reform
1, economy-"seeking wealth through agriculture" (rich country)
(1) Abandoning minefields to build buildings-establishing private ownership of feudal land (which has a far-reaching impact on feudal society)
(2) Pay attention to agriculture and restrain business, and reward agriculture and weaving.
(3) Unified measurement
2. Military-Qiang Bing
(1) Reward soldiers and implement a 20-level knight system.
(2) Abolish the "Shi Qing Shi Lu system" (the above measures are the most direct blow to aristocratic privileges)
3. Politics
(1) Establish a strict household registration system and work out the method of sitting together.
(2) The widespread implementation of the county system has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
(3) Formulating Qin Law
4, ideology and culture: writing poetry.
Essence: cultural compulsory policy
Influence: Suppress people's thoughts and destroy culture.
5, customs-reform social customs.
It is forbidden for father and son and adult brothers to live in the same room; Carry out monogamy and small family policy.
Third, the result of Shang Yang's political reform: "Although Shang Yang died, Qin Law still exists."
Knowledge points of history college entrance examination
First, the background of Emperor Xiaowen's reform
1, the premise of reform: the Northern Wei Dynasty unified the Yellow River Basin (439 years)
2. Favorable conditions for reform: Tuoba GUI's China reform.
3, the necessity of reform:
(1) class contradictions are acute (the suzerain supervision system and tax system are chaotic)
(2) the intensification of ethnic contradictions (ethnic discrimination and oppression)
(3) the rule is facing crisis (people's uprising, social unrest)
4. Possibility of reform: Feng Taihou holds real power and Emperor Xiaowen is proficient in China culture.
Second, the content of emperor xiaowen's reform:
1, prophase: presided over by Feng Taihou, devoted to establishing a new system.
Pay system for officials and rectify the management of officials.
Equal field system (pioneering)
Triple system;
Rent adjustment.
2. Later stage: presided over by Emperor Xiaowen, with emphasis on localization.
Move the capital to Luoyang;
Change customs (change clothes, speak Chinese, change Chinese surname, get married, change native place)
Third, the significance of Emperor Xiaowen's reform.
1, which promoted the social and economic recovery and development in the north.
2. It accelerated the feudal process of the Northern Wei regime.
3. Relieve ethnic contradictions, consolidate feudal rule, promote ethnic integration, and lay the foundation for reunification.
Fourth, the purpose of the reform is to ease social contradictions and consolidate rule.
The root cause of success: conforming to the historical development trend
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