2. 1839, Lin zexu was sent to Guangzhou by Daoguang Emperor to ban smoking, make unannounced visits, arrest cigarette dealers and collect opium. The destruction of opium in Humentan in June was a great victory of China people's struggle against smoking, which showed the strong will of the Chinese nation against foreign aggression. Lin Zexu, who led this struggle, became a national hero, and this activity became the fuse of the Opium War.
3. 1840- 1842, the first opium war broke out. After the Opium War, China began to change from a feudal society to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which was the beginning of modern history of China.
4. 1856- 1860 The British and French allied forces launched the Second Opium War to further open the China market. After the occupation of Beijing, Yuanmingyuan was burned down.
5. Before and after the Second Opium War, Russia forced the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties and occupied the territory of northeast and northwest China1500,000 square kilometers.
6.1851-1864 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, 1853 occupied Nanjing another day, made its capital, and established a regime against the Qing Dynasty. In order to overthrow the rule of the Qing dynasty, the army was sent to the North and the West.
7. As an imperial envoy, Zuo adopted the strategy of "going north first, then going south, and slowly advancing into urgent battle" to recover Xinjiang. In order to strengthen the management and defense of the northwest frontier, the Qing government established a province in Xinjiang in 1884.
8. 1894- 1895 After the defeat of the Qing government in the Sino-Japanese War, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed with Japan, which greatly deepened the degree of semi-colonization of China.
9. 1900 Spring, the Boxer Rebellion was aimed at imperialist aggression.
10. 190 1 year, the Qing government was forced to sign the treaty of mourning for ugliness with the eight countries, which increased the newborn burden of China people and seriously damaged China's sovereignty. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China. China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
1 1. 19 In the 1960s and 1990s, the Westernization School launched a Westernization Movement of "learning from foreigners". In the early stage, under the slogan of "self-improvement", a number of modern military enterprises such as Anqing Inner Ordnance Institute, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration and Fuzhou Shipping Bureau were established by adopting advanced western production technology. In the later period, with the slogan of "seeking wealth", some civilian industries were set up, such as the ship investment promotion bureau founded by Li Hongzhang in Shanghai, the Hanyang Iron Works founded by Zhang Zhidong, and the layout of Hubei weaving. From 1970s to 1980s, three navies, namely, Nanhai, Beiyang and Fujian, were established. Shi Jing Wentong Museum was founded in 1862, which is the first new school founded by Westernization School.
12. Evaluating the Westernization Movement
13.1In the spring of 895, the "writing on the bus" led by Kang Youwei kicked off the political reform.
14. 1898 From June to September, Emperor Guangxu issued a series of decrees.