? [Tang] [AD 580-643, Lingyange was a twenty-four hero and one of the top ten counselors in ancient China]
Wei Zhi (1 1, 580-643), a native of Julu County (now Julu County, Hebei Province, now Guantao County, Hebei Province), was a politician, thinker, writer and historian in the Tang Dynasty. Thanks to his outspoken suggestions, he helped Emperor Taizong to jointly create the great cause of "Zhenguan rule". In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Wei Zhi died of illness. Official to Dr. Guanglu, whose name is Zheng Guogong, and posthumous title is "Wen Zhen". Keep the funeral simple. In the same year, he entered Lingyange.
? Wei Zhengling is located in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province. He is the author of Preface to Sui Shu, Liang Shu, Chen Shu and Shu Qi. His remarks are mostly seen in Zhenguan politicians. Among them, the most famous and handed down admonition list-"Ten admonitions of Taizong"
? Early experience
? In the 13th year of Daye (6 17), Wei Zhi became an official under the account of Cheng Yuanbao in Wuyang County. Yuanbao got up and responded to Shi Biao, sending out tiles. All the letters from Yuanbao to Shi Mi were written by Kevin·Z. Seeing that Wei Zhi was very literary, Shi Biao summoned Wei Zhi and Wei Zhi and put forward ten measures to strengthen the tile, but Shi Biao didn't have to.
? In the 14th year of Daye (6 18), Wang attacked Cang City and was defeated by Shi Mi. Wang turned to attack Luokou and was defeated by Smith again. Wei Zhi said to Zheng Xiangchang: "Although Shi Biao won many victories, many soldiers were killed and wounded, and there was no treasure house in Wagang Mountain, so the soldiers did not have meritorious service. It is better to go deep into the ditch, occupy the danger, hold a stalemate with the enemy, wait for the enemy to run out of food, and lead the army to pursue. This is the way to win. In the absence of food in Luoyang, there is nothing for the king to do when he will fight our army. At this time, we will not fight him. " Zheng Xiang dismissed Wei Zhi's words as a cliche. Wei Zhi said, "This is a clever plan. How can it be a cliche?" Leave in one fell swoop.
? Go back to the Tang dynasty for advice
In the second year of Tang Wude (6 19), Shi Mi was defeated by the king and surrendered with him. However, Shi Biao's Ministry, Li Ji, still occupied the territory under Shi Biao's original jurisdiction, east to the sea, south to the Yangtze River, west to Ruzhou and north to Wei Jun. Shi Biao surrendered to Li Tang, and Li Ji occupied such a big place. I don't know what to do. Wei Zhi volunteered to appease Shandong, went to Liyang, Wei Zhi and Li Ji, and advised Li Ji to surrender. Li Ji sent an emissary to Chang 'an to give all the credit in the city to Shi Biao, and then escorted the hay to Li Shentong.
In September of the same year, Dou Jiande led an army to attack Xiangzhou, but Li Shentong was unable to resist. He led the army to Liyang and was defeated by Dou Jiande. Wei Zhi, Li Shentong and Li Ji were all arrested. Dou Jiande made Wei Zhi his guest house.
In the fourth year of Wude (62 1), he led an army to attack Wang, and Dou Jiande led an army to support Wang. In May, Li Shimin defeated Dou Jiande and captured him alive. Wei Zhi was able to re-enter the Tang Dynasty. Prince Li used to wash the horse for the prince, and the courtesy was very thick.
? In the fifth year of Wude (622), Liu Heita colluded with Turks to invade Shandong. Seeing that Li is the eldest son, but his grades are not as good as that of others, he suggested that Li go to the war to make contributions. Li listened to the advice, captured and beheaded Liu Heita alive, and pacified Shandong.
? In the ninth year of Wude (626), he launched the Xuanwu Gate Incident and killed Li and Li Yuanji. I heard that Li was persuaded to arrange it elsewhere. Li Shimin sent someone to take Zheng Wei away and asked, "Why do you want to alienate our brother?" Wei Zhi replied, "If the prince did as I said, there would be no disaster today." When Li Shimin saw that he was outspoken and didn't hide anything, he forgave it and used it as Zhan's master book.
? The outspoken criticism made the emperor look angry
? In the first year of Zhenguan (627), Li Shimin acceded to the throne and appointed Wei Zhi as Zuo Cheng and a college student. Li Shimin was eager to build a prosperous era, and repeatedly summoned Wei Zhi from his bed to inquire about gains and losses. Wei Zhi made more than 200 outspoken suggestions, which were completely accepted by Li Shimin.
? In the same year, Li, the former prince of Hebei, and Li Yuanji, the king of Qi, were sent to Hebei to appease them because of the Xuanwumen incident. On the way, Wei Zhi happened to meet Niu Qian and Li Sixing, the king of Qi, and they were taken to the capital. Wei Zhi let them be released and still appointed official positions, so that the old family of the prince of Hebei would believe that Li Shimin really wanted to pardon them.
? In the third year of Zhenguan (629), Wei Zhi was appointed secretary supervisor and began to participate in state affairs. Wei Zhi plays Li Shimin and leads scholars to divide ancient books into four parts and revise them.
In the fifth year of Zhenguan (63 1), Li Shimin and Wei Zhi talked about the election of officials. Wei Zhi said that we should first understand his talents, and then examine his moral character and hobbies.
? Li Lizhi, Princess of Changle, was born to her eldest grandson. Li Shimin loved her very much and betrothed her to Sun Chong, the son of Sun Chang Wuji. In the sixth year of Zhenguan (Wei Zhi in the old Tang Dynasty was known as Zhenguan for five years), Tang said to his ministers, "Princess Changle, born of the Queen, is loved by me and the Queen. I want to come out today, and I want to increase my courtesy. " Ministers all said that "Your Majesty loves little", so they asked for twice as much advice as Yongjia princess royal, and Li Shimin readily agreed. However, Wei Zhi objected to this. Because Princess Yongjia is the aunt of Princess Changle. This move goes beyond etiquette. Li Shimin returned to his palace and told his grandson. After learning about this, the eldest grandson lamented that Wei Zhengneng "treated others with courtesy and restrained others' feelings" and greatly appreciated it. Specially sent someone to reward Kevin·Z with 400 silks and 400 yuan, and sent a message saying, "I heard that you are honest, and I just saw it now. I hope you keep it and don't change it. " When Li Shimin didn't show it, the eldest grandson directly rewarded Wei Zhi and hinted that he would give her support, which was a shot in the arm for Wei Zhi. It is precisely because of the patron like the grandson queen that Wei Zhi's righteous remonstrance will be so smooth. Soon, Wei Zhi was promoted to county magistrate.
? In the seventh year of Zhenguan (633), Wei Zheng was appointed as the assistant on behalf of Wang Jue, and the long-standing lawsuit in Shangshu Province was not decided. Li Shimin ordered Wei Zhi to deal with them fairly. Wei Zhi is not familiar with the law, but he can grasp the fundamental principles and deal with it according to the actual situation, and everyone is convinced.
? In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Li Shimin was offended by Huangfu Deshen, the county magistrate of Shaanxi Province, and regarded it as slander. Wei Zhi suggested: "When Jia Yi was in Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, he once said,' There is one thing to mourn for the emperor and six things to lament for him'. From ancient times to the present, the words used to play with things are often fierce, and people can't touch their hearts without being fierce. Violent words are similar to slander, your majesty. You have to think about such a thing, right? " Li Shimin think Wei Zhi said makes sense, ordered the reward HuangFuDeShen and silks 20 paragraphs.
? In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), the eldest grandson died and was buried in Zhaoling, the Empress Wende of posthumous title. After the eldest grandson was buried in Zhaoling, Li Shimin missed her all the time. In order to alleviate the pain of remembering, he built a viewing floor in the palace, overlooking his wife's mausoleum all day, and invited ministers to be buried with him. On one occasion, Li Shimin asked Wei Zhi to accompany him, pointing to Zhaoling's direction and asking Wei Zhi if he had seen it clearly. Wei Zhi pretended not to see it, and Li Shimin was anxious and asked, "How could I not see it? It's Zhaoling! " Hearing this, Wei Zhi replied, "I thought your majesty was looking for a grave, but it's Zhaoling!" Li Shimin knew that Wei Zhi was reminding himself not to miss his dead wife and forget his father. So he cried and ordered the demolition of the floor view. Although Li Shimin's act of commemorating his wife in this way violates the tradition of ethics and etiquette, it is an expression of the true feelings of the son of heaven. In the 11th year of Zhenguan (637), Li Shimin traveled east to Luoyang and lived in Ren Xian Palace. Most of them were condemned by state and county officials for their poor worship. Wei Zhi told Li Shimin that Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty had asked people nearby to pay tribute here. It's a waste to throw away the tribute if you can't finish it.
? In the twelfth year of Zhenguan (638), Wang Jue, the minister of rites, said: "Anyone who has more than three qualities-meets the prince on the road and gets off the bus to show his respect, is against the norms of etiquette." Li Shimin said, "Do you look down on my son because of your noble position?" Wei Zhi advised, "from ancient times to the present, the prince has been ranked under the three fair. At present, the three products are the length of the son of heaven and the length of eight seats. It's not a gift for the prince to get off. Seeking from the old examples, there is no basis to be used as a voucher; The implementation now violates national laws. " Li Shimin said, "The country has established a prince to prepare for him to be a monarch. However, the length of a person is not in the old and young. If there is no prince, then build the prince's brother and his mother in turn. In that case, how can I look down on my son? " Wei Zhi said: "In Yin Dynasty, simplicity was worshiped, and there was a ceremony of succession for my brother when he died;" From the beginning of the week, Prince Li must be the eldest son, so as to put an end to the selfishness of all brothers and block the source of disaster. This is something that the monarch should be very cautious about. " So Li Shimin agreed with Wang Jue's speech.
? In March of the 12th year of Zhenguan, Li Xiang, the eldest son of Li Chenggan, was born. Because of the joy of the birth of the emperor's grandson, Tang ordered all prisoners banned in the world to be punished first, and most of the internal and external positions were father five products. The latter, with a new knighthood, celebrated for five days on earth and held a feast of more than five items in the East Palace. Li Shimin said to his ministers, "Before Zhenguan, you followed me to pacify the world and ran around in troubled times. This is Fang's credit. After Zhenguan, only Wei Zhi gave me advice, saved the country and the people, dared to offend the dignity of the monarch, called a spade a spade and corrected my mistakes. The famous officials in ancient times could not surpass them. " So he took off his sabre and gave it to both of them.
? In May, 13th year of Zhenguan, Wei Zhi took advantage of Li Shimin's edict to rank fifth or higher, comprehensively and systematically summarized the fact that politics was not as good as that at the beginning of Zhenguan, and played the role of "Ten Years Can't Stop". In the book, I listed Li Shimin's pursuit of curiosity, indulging in enslaving the people, being intimate with villains, being stingy with gentlemen, advocating extravagance and frequent hunting, which made people tired of corvee, etc., criticized Li Shimin's arrogance and reminded him to be cautious to the end again. Li Shimin accepted the recitation and said to him, "I have heard about it now, and I am willing to change it so that it will be good in the end.". If you violate this statement, how will you face the public? Take what you have learned as an obstacle, see it every morning and evening, record it in historians, and let the world know the meaning of the monarch and the minister. " He gave ten catties of gold and two horses.
In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), Wei Zhi remonstrated with Li Shimin and asked Li Shimin to die a happy death.
? In the 16th year of Zhenguan (642), later, the Crown Prince Li Chenggan did not study German arts, and Wang Wei and Lee Tae became more and more popular. Officials inside and outside the imperial court have some questions and comments. Hearing this, Li Shimin hated these words and said to the courtiers, "No one can surpass Wei Zhi in the loyalty and integrity of courtiers today. I sent him to help the crown prince end all his complaints. " Li Shimin appointed Wei Zhi as the surname of the prince, knowing that it was as easy as before. Wei Zhi claimed to be ill and refused. Li Shimin wrote a letter and replied, "The prince of the Han Dynasty was assisted by four elders. That's why I rely on you now. Knowing that you are sick, you can save the prince if you are sick. "
stop
? In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643), Wei Zhi died of illness, and Li Shimin was very sad and abandoned the DPRK for five days. Wei Zhi was posthumously awarded as the commander-in-chief of Sikong and Xiangzhou, and was named "Wen Zhen". Li Shimin wrote to Wei Zhi asking for a heavy burial, but Wei Zhi's wife Shi Pei refused, because life in Wei Zhi is simple and simple, and a luxurious funeral is not the wish of the deceased. Pei's only car was loaded with a coffin, so he called civil and military officials out of the city to see him off and personally wrote an inscription.
? After Wei Zhi's death, Li Shimin often said to the courtiers around him: "We can dress our clothes with bronze mirrors, know the ups and downs with ancient history as mirrors, and see the gains and losses with people as the foundation. I often use this way to prevent myself from making mistakes, but now that Wei Zhi has passed away, I am missing a mirror. After Wei Zhi died, I sent someone to his house and got a page of his legacy. It's just drafted, and the words are hard to read. Only the first few lines are slightly recognizable. It says, "There are good and evil in the world. If you hire good people, the country will be stable; if you hire bad people, the country will decline. Between ministers, there is love and hate. The person you hate only sees his evil, and the person you love only sees his good. Be careful between love and hate. If you love the evil and hate the good, you will not hesitate to appoint sages without doubt, and the country will prosper. "This is the general idea of the Heritage Table. However, when I think about it, I'm afraid I can't avoid the mistakes Wei Zhi said. Or a courtier, you can write these words on the board, knowing that I am wrong, and you must remonstrate. "
In February of the same year, Ming Yan painted a portrait of twenty-four heroes and placed it in Lingyange, ranking third.
? Soon, Hou was executed for treason and Du was dismissed. Wei Zhi once recommended these two men to Li Shimin, saying that they have the talent to be prime ministers. Wei Zhi protested to the historian Chu Suiliang, and Li Shimin knew that he began to doubt whether Wei Zhi was Hou. So, he wrote a letter asking for the cancellation of the engagement between Princess Hengshan (later Princess Xincheng) and Wei Zhi's eldest son Wei Shuyu.
? In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Li Shimin personally levied Koguryo, thousands of soldiers were killed or injured, and 78% of horses were lost. He deeply regrets this move and can't help but sigh: "If Kevin·Z were here, he wouldn't let me do anything." So Li paid homage to the young prisoners as a gift and rebuilt the monument. History's evaluation of Wang Xuan: Every remonstrance is better than Yao Shun.
? Li Shimin: ① Wei Zhi and Wang Jue used to work hard in the East Palace, but at that time they were honest and hateful. I can use it. Even today, I am worthy of the ancients. (2) After Zhenguan, he devoted himself to me and sacrificed loyalty to the people of Li Anguo, and became what I am today, which is famous in the world, but only Wei Zhi. Why can't we add the famous officials in ancient times? (3) Politicians should take Yao and Shun as the king, Yi Long as the supplement, and drive Wei Zhi by themselves, so that the world is at peace, the border is fine, and loyalty and righteousness are the same. (4) Wei Zhi died today, so the mirror died.
? Grandson: (1) I heard that your majesty respects Wei Zhi, but I don't know why. Now that I hear his admonition, I can still rule the king with righteousness. It is really a minister of a country. (2) May the public keep this heart forever and stay still today. I like to listen to public statements, so I will reward them. Public affairs are the Tao, not for appearances.
? Long sticks: Wude Zhongyou, Wang Jue, Li Jing, Fang, Du Ruhui, etc. This person is lucky, diligent in the royal family, respecting teachers and protecting people, deadly bandit bow, xian Xianhui, outstanding in the emperor's heaven, but pregnant with Myanmar, the wind is still strong.
? Quan Deyu: I, Emperor Taizong, said that there was a world under heaven, and Wang Jue's alarmist words greatly improved the situation, which boded well for me. Dugu Ji: I got close to Wen with the help of Wang Dao, but I forgot to get close to Truth because I love you. They are both excellent, so they are called Wen Zhen.
? Liu Su: Wei Zhengzhi is ambitious and humiliated. He reads widely and is quite familiar with Wang Ba's skills.
? Li Jiang: In the past, Taizong ruled the world, Fang Lingxuan and Du Ruhui assisted Shengde, and Wei Zhi and Wang Jue were defeated. Wen Yanbo and Dai Zhou, who were political officials, and Li Jing and Li Jixun were all in the army and did not dare to obey the emperor.
Liu Wei et al.' s Book of the Old Tang Dynasty: (1) Easy to read and read. Seeing that the world is getting more and more chaotic, I especially want to talk about it. (2) elegance has the ability to learn from the country and is unyielding. No more than a middleman in appearance, but he is famous for his courage and wisdom. Every time he remonstrated with Yan Jin, although he was angry with Wang Hess, his face did not move. Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty, Xu Miao in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Dan Tao in Jin Dynasty and Xie Bi in Song Dynasty were all more elegant than Wen Zhen, leaving no legacy. There was only one courtier in the past. Praise: A wise man does not remonstrate, nor does he remonstrate wisely. What smart people say is good for the country. Zheng Gongda Festival, just weeks economy. Li Shimin has used it for generations.
? Song Qi et al. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty: It's not difficult to be a monarch and a minister! With Levi's loyalty and Li Shimin's farce, a few days later, I guessed the right line. At the beginning, hundreds of thousands of words were used to remonstrate, even to be a gentleman and a villain, all for the sake of the emperor's loyalty to the evil chaos. I have been unable to extricate myself for a long time. Therefore, since ancient times, there has been a saying that "noble people are easy to pollute, but it is difficult to bury them". Tang said, "If you levy death, you will know that you don't hate it, thinking that three generations will be straight." How dare you! Hume's argument is quite powerful, with a strong ancestor style, and the so-called "similarity" in the poem is embarrassing!
Zhao Yuanxuan: There were Wei Xuancheng, Fang and Du Ruhui in the Tang Dynasty, and Yao Chong and Wei Zhigu in the Ming Dynasty. They all served as assistants, entrusted with heavy responsibilities, made money into the Emperor's Road, served in the nine districts, worshipped peace as ministers, and made good use of it.
? Zhao Xu: Tang will win, Liu Bei will win Zhuge Liang, and then he can do something. His second son will never be born.
? Ceng Gong: When Fang and Du were in office, they fought with Wuji and Cen Wenben, mainly admonishing Wei and Wang Xuan, Zhen Gangwei, Dai Zhou, etc., upholding the Constitution, then fighting with Zhang and Sun, then with Li Jing, with Long people guarding the land and then with Li Daliang. The rest are all Qing Dafu, each doing his own thing, and there are countless followers of Ma Zhou, Wen Yanbo, Du, Zhang Hangcheng, Li Gang, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang.
? Nurhachi: Both the people and the ministers are catching the country's fishing protection, and they are following suit. They cannot declare religious orders. If you give orders to the monarch, many ignorant people will be punished by law. If you do your duty, clarify your statutes and train your people so that they will not be punished and killed, then your heart will be happy and you will take care of long-term prosperity. For example, the so-called Hao Tao, Yi Yin, Duke Zhou, Zhuge Liang and Wei Zhi officials, all of whom were born with false titles, did not give orders to smell them, so there is nothing shameful about being ministers!
? Emperor Kangxi: What the people and ministers say should be straightforward, easy to be trained, and the monarch should be humble and obedient. If he refuses to listen to him, he will be afraid to tell everything. Every time I read Li Shimin and Kevin·Z in the Tang Dynasty, I always sigh that the meeting between the monarch and the minister is embarrassing. Wei Zhi said to Li Shimin, "I want to be a good minister, not a loyal minister". There is no reason to think about loyalty. Only in benevolence and goodness will it be heard forever.
? Li Guangdi: Be careful what you say. Wei and Yan are both honest people. Lu Gong's words are often mixed with the statement of stupa; Gong Zheng's Shi Mi Epitaph is full of gratitude, but it is still acceptable. Even praised Chang Su, extremely high. Isn't it a slip of the tongue?
Zhao Yi: In Zhenguan, Wei Zhi was the first person to give an idea.