Collect documents separated by the 300-year war. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, due to the infighting among warlords, the people were in poverty, and the rebels rebelled and stayed in Jiangdu. After only a few decades of existence, the Sui Dynasty was declared dead. In the Tang Dynasty, * * * existed for 289 years from the establishment of 6 18 to the extinction of Zhu Wen in 907. To some extent, the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty benefited from the foundation laid by the Sui Dynasty, which inherited many systems of the Sui Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was divided into early and late periods, with the Anshi Rebellion as the boundary. Prosperity in the early stage and decline in the later stage. Tang Gaozu established the Tang Dynasty, and Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin led the troops to complete the great cause of reunification in ten years. After Li Shimin ascended the throne successfully through the change of Xuanwu Gate, he made great efforts to make the Tang Dynasty prosperous in the feudal society of China, and a "Zhenguan rule" emerged, which was ahead of the world in politics, economy and culture. Since then, in the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty, "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" has appeared again, and the world of strengthening the country, enriching the people and maintaining peace has once again appeared. However, it was also during the Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty that the Anshi Rebellion took place and the Tang Dynasty went into decline. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were many achievements in laws and regulations, such as the system of three provinces and six departments, the imperial examination system and the two tax laws, which had a far-reaching impact on later generations. Sui and Tang Dynasties adopted a relatively open policy and frequent economic and cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. Tang poetry is the greatest achievement in literature. Chen Ziang in the early Tang Dynasty, Li Bai and Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen in the middle Tang Dynasty, and Li Shangyin and Du Mu in the late Tang Dynasty are outstanding representatives. The ancient prose movement advocated by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan had a great influence on later generations. Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy, Yan, Wu Daozi, Wang Wei's paintings, music and dances such as "Dancing in Dress and Feather", and numerous grotto arts are all passed down to later generations. In terms of science and technology, printing and gunpowder, two of China's four great inventions, appeared in this period. In the late Tang Dynasty, there was political chaos, from the struggle between Niu and Li to the eunuch's autocracy. During this period, peasant uprisings continued, and finally the Huang Chao Uprising broke out. Zhu Wen was one of the leaders of the uprising. He began to rebel against the Tang Dynasty, and later replaced the Tang Dynasty as the emperor, establishing the first dynasty of the Five Dynasties-Hou Liang. Emperor Yangdi and Tang Taizong Li Yuan are both grandchildren of Du in the Western Wei Dynasty, that is, the queen of Emperor Wendi and Li Bing (the father of Li Yuan) are two sisters. Therefore, many historians refer to Yang Sui and Li Tang as Sui and Tang Dynasties. The picture on the right shows the famous families in Sui and Tang Dynasties, all of which are related. Less obviously, Princess Linchuan of Li Shimin is the daughter-in-law of Sun Shang of Fa Zhou. Edit this section of the capital of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The main capitals of the Sui and Tang Dynasties are Chang 'an and Luoyang. In the first year of Emperor Wen of Sui (58 1), Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Zhou Dynasty. The following year, he built a new capital in the south of Longshou, southeast of the old Chang 'an City, and named it Daxing City. In the third year of Emperor Kai, he moved the capital to Daxing City and lived in Renshou for four years (604). Emperor Yang ascended the throne and Luoyang was designated as Tokyo. In the first year of Daye (605), Luoyang New Town was built in the west of the old city of Han and Wei Dynasties, and the capital was moved here. Since then, although Chang 'an still lived in the name of "Shi Jing", court officials were stationed in Tokyo and became the actual capital. Daye was renamed Du Dong in five years. Chang 'an was the capital of the early Tang Dynasty. In 690, Wu Zetian became the capital of Luoyang. In the first year of Guangzhai (684), the eastern capital was changed to the capital of God and the capital was Xijing. In the first year of Shenlong (705), Zhongzong ascended the throne, with Luoyang as its east and Chang 'an as its capital (commonly known as Beijing or Xijing); In 706, 165438+ October was also Chang 'an.
Editing the political system of this paragraph The Sui Dynasty established an important system politically, the system of three provinces and six departments, founded the imperial examination system with far-reaching influence and reformed the laws and regulations; The system of three provinces-Shangshu, Menxia and Neishi-was the core of the central official system in Sui Dynasty. Although the three divisions and three publics are in the first place, they are actually only honorary positions. Sui dynasty was divided into three levels: state, county and county. Three years after the Emperor's reign, the administrative setup of the county was abolished and the county was directly controlled by the state. At the end of each year, the governor of Sui Dynasty went to Beijing to report on his work, which was called gathering envoys. The imperial court sent officials or other envoys from Taiwan Province to inspect the provinces. In order to strengthen centralization and consolidate national unity, a series of systems were reorganized and established in the political, economic, legal and military systems, which had a far-reaching impact on the dynasties after the Sui Dynasty and made outstanding contributions. In the Tang Dynasty, the central government implemented the system of three provinces and six departments. The three provinces in the Tang Dynasty were Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province. The Deputy Chief Executive of Zhongshu Province is a Zhongshu Order and Assistant Minister, and there is also a Zhongshu Sheren who is responsible for drafting the imperial edict system. The deputy chief of the province under the door is the assistant and assistant minister, who is responsible for reviewing the letters drafted by Zhongshu Province, refuting mistakes and approving Shangshu Province's memorial. The deputy chief of Shangshu Province is Shangshuling and his left and right servants, who have a long history; The provincial government has six departments, namely, officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, criminals and workers, which are responsible for implementing the government decrees formulated by the central government. Because Emperor Taizong used to be the minister of Shangshu, later his adjutants all avoided this position in name only, and the left and right servants actually became the highest officials of Shangshu Province. Senior officials in the three provinces in the early Tang Dynasty were all prime ministers. At that time, there was a provincial yamen under the door to discuss the military for the prime ministers of the three provinces.