"Post-colonialism" refers to an aggressive policy of cultural encirclement and infiltration carried out by capitalist countries in Europe and America in the post-World War II and post-Cold War period against "backward" nations and countries, so it is often manifested as a kind of cultural colonialism, cultural hegemony and cultural imperialism in theory. According to the post-colonial point of view, only the cultures of western advanced countries and nations are the center and model of world culture, while the cultures of non-western "backward" nations are often dismissed as marginal cultures and ignorant cultures. It is in this era that the so-called "backward" culture is constantly being reduced to the other, and western cultural hegemony has gradually replaced the direct control of the west on the economy and politics of the third world in the past. Therefore, the confrontation with western cultural hegemony has become the main content of "long-term political conflict in post-colonial period". (Noe: edward said, Third World Intellectuals and McDonald's Culture, Leiden 23.3 (1990), p. 3 1. Strictly speaking, post-colonialism is a vague concept, which usually has two directions. First, it refers to a theoretical trend of thought, and second, it is different from the orthodoxy of the colonial sovereign state.

As a theoretical trend of thought, post-colonialism actually refers to the study of colonial writing/discourse by some western theorists such as Said, spivak and Baba. Its theoretical roots are mainly some critical concepts of postmodernism/post-structuralism; The so-called post-colonial literature is the literature of European colonial countries, which is used to distinguish it from "mainstream literature". The connotation of post-colonial literature is complex, and different countries have their own inherent traditions and their recognition and acceptance of colonialism, which determines the diversity of research perspectives and critical strategies. In terms of research methods, this school has the characteristics of deconstruction, feminism, psychoanalysis, Marxism, cultural materialism and new historicism, and tends to break academic boundaries in content and form. Its representatives mainly include those descendants of the third world who are currently teaching in universities in Britain and the United States. These scholars play a dual role at the same time. On the one hand, they pretend to be critics of the third world and constantly attack the mainstream culture, thus finding a place for themselves; On the other hand, they are complacent and active on the academic stage as winners of the first world academic circle. Whether Saeed, spivak or Baba, they all went through a difficult process from obscurity at the beginning to emerging in the academic world.

The emergence of post-colonial critical discourse can be said to be the first time that western theoretical circles take non-western cultural facts as the theme of theoretical research and form a hot spot, which makes the western centrism whose history is not questioned face unprecedented challenges in the cross-cultural context. Because this theory is the most fashionable ideological weapon in the west, including Foucault and Derrida's post-structuralism or deconstruction. Therefore, it is impossible for western academic circles to turn a blind eye to the culture of the third world as in the past.

In the endless debate, post-colonialism theory has sprung up and become a new force in contemporary literary criticism. Under the influence of this theoretical trend of thought, the interest in literary research has obviously shifted. The works of many classic writers have also been reinterpreted. The rise and development of post-colonialism theory is carried out in a complex spiritual atmosphere. Today's world is becoming more and more diversified or multipolar. Contemporary world culture can no longer be the discourse of western centralism. In today's post-cold war era, the difference and integration of national cultures will be a universal cultural phenomenon. It is the common tendency of post-colonial theorists to explore the attributes of different cultures and emphasize equal dialogue and exchange between different cultures. While attaching importance to regional culture and local culture, they also constantly criticize Eurocentrism and Patriarchal Centrism. In this sense, post-colonialism can indeed give a certain cultural explanation to the contemporary complex cultural phenomena, and can also further peep at the texture of multiculturalism through the modern colorful cultural veil.