1992, 10, 3 1 On this day, the Roman Catholic Church admitted that it was wrong to condemn Galileo for propagating Copernicus' astronomical theory. After investigating Galileo's persecution in 13, Pope John Paul II formally condemned him in 1633. He corrected a mistake and forced the Italian astronomer and physicist to live in exile in the past few years, or even worse. Galileo proved Copernicus' theory with a telescope: the center of the solar system is the sun, not the earth. This scientific fact directly contradicted some interpretations of the Bible, so it was considered heresy at that time. Related verses include Psalm 104:5, "God built the earth on it; It will never be moved ... "
However, Galileo's influential patrons, such as Medici and Bei Lini, and Pope urban VIII happened to be a member of the Bei Lini family. As a close friend and admirer of Galileo, Pope urban VIII condemned Galileo before he opposed it in 16 16.
Finally, the Pope allowed Galileo to continue to study the theories of Ptolemy and Copernicus, provided that he did not come to a clear conclusion that it would violate the teachings of the church. On the contrary, he just put forward reasons for and against both sides of the argument and remained neutral.
Galileo agreed, but when he published Dialogue between the Two World Systems, it was a strong support for Copernicus' thought and directly despised the Pope's orders. But Galileo himself was a Catholic, and he thought that this did not violate the Bible, because not every paragraph should be handled according to the rules, especially the part involving lyrics, which was the common position of many people and even clergy.
Except for a little fact that is often mentioned, he may still run away. The Pope asked Galileo to include his own thoughts on this matter. Galileo did this, but he did it to make the Pope look like a fool. He put his point of view into the argument of "Simplicio" (the name means "fool") to defend the geocentric theory, and often made mistakes in the process.
Galileo didn't mean to make fun of the Pope for doing so. He himself is not stupid, and even makes it clear in the preface that "Sampdorio" is to pay tribute to the philosopher Sampdorius. Nevertheless, when Pope urban VIII saw some of his words stuffed into simplicio's mouth, he did feel ridiculed. Needless to say, the Pope doesn't think it's a good idea for you to call him * * * publicly, because your scientific concept of the universe has caused great controversy and is likely to arouse the disgust of Catholicism.
Because he was considered a heretic, Galileo was called to Rome and appeared in front of the terrible inquisition. During the trial, Galileo strongly denied that he advocated Copernicus' views in his works. Despite the evidence to the contrary and his threat to use torture, he insisted on denying that he was convicted of "suspected heresy" and was asked to "curse and hate" Copernicus' views.
Galileo was placed under house arrest at his home near Florence until 1642 died at the age of 77 (although he was allowed to go to Florence to see a doctor). Apart from being under house arrest, compared with other people convicted of heresy, his punishment is relatively light. He was asked to recite seven confession poems a week, but his daughter Maria celeste finally persuaded the church to allow her to carry out this punishment for him.
There is nothing better to do when he is locked at home. He wrote that perhaps his most famous book, Two New Sciences, summed up his life's work to some extent. After failing to publish this new work several times, he finally found a publisher in the Netherlands. Although the Catholic Church had taken many measures to change its position against Galileo's discovery before the 1992 action, it was still willing to publish this work. Galileo's Dialogue on Two World Systems was deleted from a banned book list at 1757. 1984 The preliminary report of scientists, theologians and historians speculated that Galileo was wrongly condemned. Pope John Paul II concluded that he was "rashly opposed".
Cardinal Paul Baubold, the leader of the survey conducted in 1992, said, "We know today that Galileo was right to adopt Copernicus' astronomical theory", which may make him face the situation of being attacked by him just a few hundred years ago.
Pope John Paul II said that he wanted to make it clear that "the Galileo incident is a' myth', and the fabricated image of the incident is far from reality. From this perspective, the Galileo incident is a symbol of the church's so-called rejection of scientific progress. " The whole incident is equivalent to a "tragic mutual incomprehension", and both sides are at fault. The Pope insists that this should not happen, because when faith and science are correctly understood, they will never conflict.
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