Hownet collection,
Basins and alluvial plains play a decisive role in earthquakes.
Guo Desheng 3051145739@qq.com, Department of Mathematics, Jiamusi University.
On the earth, any life is closely related to "carbon element" and is in a cycle of carbon element. Life needs to eat carbonaceous organic matter and emit carbon dioxide. The earth also follows this law. The earth also devours carbonaceous organic matter, forming coal, oil, natural gas and so on. On earth. After volcanoes, earthquakes and human exploitation and utilization, carbon dioxide is formed and discharged into the air, and the carbon dioxide discharged into the air is discharged into trees. Plants absorb through photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide is converted into organic matter again, which is reflected in the form of plants. Some plants are digested by animals, and some are transported to the earth through rivers, forming a repeated "carbon" cycle system.
For many years, I have been thinking about a question, how is coal formed? According to the original coal-forming theory, "coal is the accumulation of trees, vegetation, animal carcasses and swamps, which has formed after years of evolution", why can't we see the accumulation of trees and animal carcasses on land? On the other hand, the coal mine is very big. Where did you get so many trees and dead animals and plants?
1. How is natural gas formed?
After years of thinking and research, it is finally found that there is only one possibility of carbon-containing organic matter accumulation, that is, trees, vegetation, animal carcasses and other carbon-containing organic matter are transported to lakes and low-lying areas through river migration, and lakes and low-lying areas are turned into basins and alluvial plains after years of sedimentary superposition.
Lakes and low-lying areas have formed natural conditions for gathering various surface materials. Carbon on the surface is deposited by lakes and low-lying areas under the impact and migration of water and river. After hundreds and thousands of years of deposition, the lake has evolved into a dry land, that is, a lake-swamp-dry basin structure. Low-lying areas formed precipitation in repeated impacts and became alluvial plains for a long time. And in these tens of thousands of years. In lakes and alluvial plains, countless trees, vegetation, sediments and fish carcasses have been accumulated. In the process of accumulation and deposition for many years, lakes and alluvial plains have deposited extremely thick sedimentary materials, with a thickness of tens of meters, hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters, thus forming a basin-type structure of land and alluvial plains. Through this deposition method, a large number of carbonaceous materials are stored underground, thus completing the accumulation of carbon elements. This process is completely similar to the principle of biogas digesters in life.
Any substance will react and change chemically under the action of high temperature, high pressure and electricity. A large number of carbon-containing substances will be deposited underground. Under certain conditions, substances with the same elements will be transformed to form carbon-containing solids, liquids, gases and other substances. According to the principle that biogas is formed by biogas digesters, carbon-containing gases, solids and liquids, probably natural gas, will inevitably appear in basins and alluvial plains where extremely thick carbon-containing substances are deposited.
Second, is coal also produced in basins, alluvial plains and areas bordering mountains?
An important phenomenon on earth is the migration of water. Rainwater and rivers will transport and gather carbonaceous organic matter washed on the earth's surface, and finally stay in lake basins and low-lying areas. Basins and alluvial plains have the conditions to store carbonaceous organic matter. After years of river migration in basins and alluvial plains, natural carbon storage has been formed, which is a remarkable quantitative change process. When the amount of matter changes to a certain extent, it will change qualitatively. When the conditions of basins and alluvial plains are ripe, a series of chemical changes will inevitably occur.
We know that in chemical changes, substances change chemically, which will produce heat energy, gas and even explosion. From this point of view, earthquakes often occur on the earth. Under such conditions and geographical location, is there a huge energy release that causes the earth to shake?
At the same time, the underground carbon-containing substances will undergo further chemical changes under the action of thermal energy, and the gaseous substances containing carbon will evolve into solid States, thus forming coal? According to reasoning analysis, natural gas and coal should exist in the same place, and earthquakes should also occur in such geographical locations in basins, alluvial plains and adjacent mountainous areas. This evolution process should be sedimentary basin and alluvial plain-natural gas-earthquake-coal. Attached:
If the above reasoning is correct, then we can draw the following conclusions:
At 1, the accumulation of carbon in the earth must be caused by river migration. After years of sedimentary superposition, carbonaceous materials were buried underground, thus forming basins and alluvial plains.
2. Sedimentary basins and alluvial plains will certainly produce natural gas, which will form carbon-containing solids, liquids and gases under the action of chemical reactions.
There must be an impact plain or basin around the earthquake area. The size of alluvial plains and basins determines the scale of natural gas, coal mines and earthquakes.
In and around it, there are no basins and alluvial plains, and there will never be an earthquake.
5. If natural gas is formed in basins and alluvial plains, analyze the migration trend of natural gas. According to the geological density, the area density of basins and alluvial plains is higher than that of mountains, and gas will move along mountains. The mountain structure is rock, and there are cracks in the rock, so the natural gas formed in the basin and alluvial plain will be stored in the mountain. According to the flammable and explosive characteristics of natural gas, there is the possibility of expansion and explosion, which leads to geological disasters.
6. For large alluvial plains and sedimentary basins, there must be a large number of natural gas and large coal mines in and around them. On the contrary, without such a geographical location, there would be no huge amount of natural gas and coal mines, with large alluvial plains, large natural gas reserves, large earthquakes and large coal mines.
According to the above conclusions, it is verified by facts. According to Baidu search, I copied the relevant information.
Third, the relationship between major earthquakes and alluvial plains and basins.
1. Did the Wenchuan earthquake occur in the alluvial plain or around the basin?
Wenchuan earthquake, the earthquake zone it contains is the ten most serious earthquake points. Wenchuan, Beichuan, Mianzhu, shifang city, Qingchuan, Maoxian, Anxian, Dujiangyan, Pingwu and Pengzhou;
From the above earthquake location, see the figure below. These seismic zones surround the western basin plain, that is, the northern part of Chengdu Plain.
According to the online data, the Chengdu-Chongqing Plain was developed on the basis of the northeast-southwest syncline structure, and it was formed by overlapping and connecting eight alluvial fans such as Minjiang River, Tuojiang River (Mianyuan River, Shiting River and Juanjiang River) and their tributaries. The loose sediments on the surface of the whole plain are extremely thick, and the Quaternary sediments are covered with silt and clay, with good structure and suitable for farming. It is the most fertile soil in Sichuan province, with an altitude of 450 ~ 750 meters and a flat terrain.
The western plain of the basin lies between Longquan Mountain, Longmen Mountain and Qionglai Mountain, starting from Jiangyou in the north and reaching Leshan Wu Tong Bridge in the south. Including Mianyang, Jiangyou and Anxian alluvial plains in the north, Minjiang and Tuojiang alluvial plains in the middle, Qingyijiang and Dadu River alluvial plains in the south.
According to the location of these hardest hit areas, Wenchuan County, Beichuan County, Mianzhu City, shifang city, Qingchuan County, Maoxian County, Anxian County, Dujiangyan City, Pingwu County and Pengzhou City connected these cities in turn and surrounded the Chengdu Plain. According to the equally serious disasters in these cities, and according to the map, the edge of Chengdu Plain is the center of the earthquake.
2. Did the Ludian earthquake occur in alluvial plain or basin?
201August 3, 4 16: 30, an earthquake of magnitude 6.5 occurred in Ludian County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province (27. 1 degree north latitude and 103.3 degree east longitude), with focal depth12km and aftershocks/kloc.
The highest intensity of Ludian earthquake-stricken area is ⅸ, with an area of only 90 square kilometers. The long axis of the isoseismic line is generally northwest, and the total area of the ⅵ degree area and above is 10350 square kilometers. * * * has affected 10 counties (districts) in Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province, including Ludian County and Qiaojia County in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. Huidong County, ningnan county County, Butuo County and Jinyang County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province; Yi Hui Miao Autonomous County, Weining, Bijie City, Guizhou Province.
According to the data, Zhao Lu Bazi starts from the foot of Liangfeng Taishan in Zhaoyang District in the east and reaches the neighboring Ludian County in the west. The overall terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, covering an area of about 525 square kilometers, belonging to one of the four dams in Yunnan. The inner hills on the dam are alternating with those on the dam, and the terrain is flat. Zhao Lu Dam is located in Zhaotong City in the northeast of Yunnan Province. Zhaotong City faces Sichuan across the river (Jinsha River) in the northwest, Bijie City in Guizhou Province in the southeast and Huize County in Qujing City, Yunnan Province in the south. It is the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces.
The highest elevation in Zhaotong City (Yaoshan, Qiaojia County) is 4040 meters, and the lowest elevation (Gunkanba, Shuifu County) is 267 meters. Zhao Lu bazi is located in the center of Zhaotong, running through Zhaoyang District and neighboring Ludian County from north to south, so it is called Zhao Lu bazi.
Zhaolubazi is connected to Jinyang County in the north, Huize County in the south, Ludian and Zhaoyang District in the north and south, and Qiaojia County in the west.
Combined with the above statement and map, it is not difficult to conclude that Zhao Lu Bazi is in the center of Ludian M8.3 earthquake.
3. Did the earthquake in Peru occur in alluvial plain or basin?
According to the data, the Amazon Plain is located in the north of South America, in the middle and lower reaches of the Amazon River, between the Guiana Plateau and the Brazilian Plateau, bordering the Andes in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, covering an area of 5.6 million square kilometers (including more than 2.2 million square kilometers in Brazil, accounting for about13 of the national territory), making it the largest alluvial plain in the world.
According to local media reports in Peru, an earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale occurred in Madre de Dios, the border between central and eastern Peru and Brazil, at around 18 pm local time (around 6 am Beijing time on the 25th). According to the China Seismological Network Center, the magnitude of the earthquake was 7.7 and the focal depth was 6 10 km.
Many provinces in neighboring countries such as Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador felt the earthquake.
In fact, there have been many major earthquakes in Chile, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador around the Amazon Plain.
From the map, these countries with major earthquakes are all around the Amazon Plain. The natural gas production in these countries is also amazing.
4. Did the earthquake in Taiwan Province Province occur in alluvial plain or basin?
Data show that Taichung and Nantou counties in Taiwan Province Province were the hardest hit areas of the 92/KLOC-0 earthquake. On the second day after the earthquake, statistics showed that more than 2,000 people died, 6,534 people worldwide and 2,308 people were trapped. Taipei County, Taipei City, Miaoli County, Taichung City, Changhua County and Yunlin County suffered serious disasters.
Tainan Plain, the largest plain in Taiwan Province Province, is an alluvial plain with an area of 5,000 square kilometers. Taipei County, Taipei City, Miaoli County, Taichung City, Changhua County and Yunlin County are located in the east of Tainan Plain, covering an area of 5,000 square kilometers. The 92 1 earthquake was located in Tainan Plain.
Another note:
According to Baidu, 1556, a major earthquake occurred in the Weihe River basin north of Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi, China. The huge losses caused by the Huaxian earthquake are also related to the fact that the epicentre is located in the valley basin and alluvial plain, and the loose sediments are thick.
1739 65438+1At about 8 pm on October 3, the largest earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Pingluo and Yinchuan, which was located in Yinchuan Plain. Yinchuan Plain is an alluvial plain of the Yellow River. The groundwater is extremely shallow and even overflows the surface. Poor drainage of groundwater and serious soil salinization.
According to this idea, we can find all the sedimentary basins and alluvial plains in the world by combining satellite maps, and we will find all kinds of earthquakes in this geographical position. For all major earthquakes, there are all kinds of basins and "alluvial plains" around them or in the areas surrounded by the hardest hit areas.
All major earthquakes in history have the nature of * * *, and each major earthquake corresponds to a large impact plain or basin. We randomly take out an earthquake event and there is such a phenomenon. In areas with earthquakes, there is such an "alluvial plain". On the contrary, there is no earthquake in the area without "alluvial plain" and its vicinity. Will alluvial plains and basins produce natural gas?
Baidu data shows that in the second half of 20 15, China Petroleum made a major breakthrough in shale gas exploration in Sichuan Basin. With the approval of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China Petroleum has increased its gas-bearing area by 207.87 square kilometers in Wei 202 Well Area, Ning 20/Kloc-0 Well Area and YS 108 Well Area in Sichuan Basin, with proven geological reserves of shale gas163.5438 billion cubic meters and technically recoverable reserves of 40.883 billion cubic meters. This is the first time that China Petroleum has submitted proven geological reserves of shale gas.
As an unconventional natural gas resource, there is no ready-made experience in China on how to realize effective exploration and development of shale gas. Since the comprehensive geological evaluation was carried out in 2007, China Petroleum has emancipated its mind and innovated its practice, creating more than 10 domestic firsts, forming a series of shale gas resource evaluation, block optimization, rapid drilling, long-level cementing, staged fracturing, fracturing fluid recovery and reuse technologies, and accumulating a series of "well deployment platforms, drilling and fracturing factories".
By the end of 2065438+August 27th, 2005, 47 gas wells have been put into operation in the above-mentioned proven reserves area, with a daily gas production of 3.62 million cubic meters, which can guarantee 2.8 million households with three people.
This phenomenon will occur when every country in the world is looking for alluvial plains or basins. Countries and regions with great plains or great basin are rich in coal and natural gas, and major earthquakes occur frequently. Take out the famous great plains in the world, and the conclusion is the same, so I won't give another example.
Through the above analysis and demonstration, the causes and geographical locations of coal mines, natural gas and geological disasters have been very clear, and the cited examples and facts are completely in line with the viewpoints expounded in this paper. From this point of view, the geographical location of various mineral deposits is clear, and the causes of geological disasters are also found.
The above viewpoints are of far-reaching significance to the rational development of the earth and the protection of its homeland. According to this theoretical point of view, all natural disasters formed in the earth over the years can find corresponding solutions to avoid heavy casualties and loss of life and property caused by disasters. From this perspective, we will also discover the past of the earth, predict the future of the earth, and break through many unsolvable problems in the past.