Since the reform and opening up, China has created a series of reform forms of great significance, and the implementation of the rural grassroots mass autonomy system is one of them. Practice shows that the villagers' self-government system conforms to the requirements of the progress of the times and the development of market economy, embodies the interests and aspirations of the broad masses of the people, represents the development direction of socialist democratic politics and human rights, and promotes political stability, economic development and social progress in rural areas. This paper discusses the nature, function, organizational structure, operating mechanism and effect of villagers' autonomy system, reveals the theoretical and practical value of this reform form, answers a series of questions raised in reality, and puts forward targeted principles and ideas for further improving this system construction. China 1978 It has been 20 years since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee. The countryside is a comprehensive reform ... the neighborhood Committee system was established with the establishment of the socialist regime. In the past 50 years, neighborhood committees, as the basic organizations in China, have played a great role in solving the living difficulties of urban residents. However, in this process, it unconsciously acted as the agency of the grass-roots political power to manage the urban grass-roots, and lost its "autonomy" characteristics. By introducing the case of Wanjingyuan community in Shanghai, the author points out the common problem of "low degree of autonomy" in the neighborhood committee system of urban communities in China, and through this specific fact, finds out the root of the problem of "low degree of autonomy" in the neighborhood committee system of our country, that is, the urban mass autonomous organizations have lost their autonomy under the control of grass-roots political power. This paper is divided into five parts: in the preface, through the empirical analysis of cases, the present situation of urban residential areas and the practice of urban grassroots self-government under the background of China are studied; The main content of the first chapter is to explain the basic concepts and review the organizational functions of residents' committees in three historical periods since the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to have a historic grasp of the urban grassroots mass autonomy system in China; The main content of the second chapter is to sort out the relevant laws and regulations in China, sort out the legal relationship in the residents' Committee system and make legal analysis; The main content of the third chapter is to introduce four ways to improve the urban grassroots mass autonomy system in China, including legislative, administrative, judicial and social ways; The content of the conclusion part is to summarize the current situation of urban grassroots mass autonomy in China ... I hope to adopt mine, thank you.