There are many poems about the service of Si Ren sung by later generations. For example, Nian Nu Jiao, written by Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, is known as the "eternal farewell". "Red Cliff Nostalgia": "Think back to Gong Jin. When Xiao Qiao just got married, he was very imposing. Feather fan nylon scarf, talking and laughing, smashing! " Set off the hero with beautiful women and outline Zhou Yu's handsome, young and promising image. Another example is the famous poem "Red Cliff" by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "If the halberd is broken, the iron will not be sold, and it will be recognized by the previous dynasty. Dongfeng does not follow Zhou Lang, and Tongquetai locks Er Qiao in spring. "
It also involves the historical fact that Zhou Yu won the red cliff fire attack. He just didn't praise the victory of the fire attack positively, but imagined that if Zhou Lang didn't have the help of the east wind, the war situation would be very different and the country would be in jeopardy. (Er Qiao was not captured by Cao Cao when his home country was in danger, but was imprisoned in a bronze sparrow terrace, where he drank and had fun. ) This poem takes Er Qiao as its conception, still takes beauty as its hero and a small family as its country, which shows that Sun Shi's hegemony is determined by this battle, and also praises Zhou Yu from the side. In a word, Zhou Yu and "Battle of Red Cliffs" have become important themes of praise and intonation by literati in past dynasties.
& lt！ -Advertising space: picture-in-picture on the article page-> Unfortunately, Zhou Yu died young at the age of 36. According to official records, he was wounded by an arrow in the battle and died of depression in the army; And praised him as "open-minded" and "popular"; The romantic drama said that he was "narrow-minded" and "narrow-minded" and died because of Zhuge Liang's "three qi". These two opposing evaluations are different and tit for tat. It can really be said that "the mountain side is the peak, and the distance is different." Now it seems that the final conclusion is still inconclusive, which is really intriguing.
The derogatory remarks about Zhou Yu mainly came from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties.
"Zhou Lang's brilliant plan to secure the world, losing his wife and losing his soldiers" ―― This sentence is found in the fifty-fifth chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which is the "second spirit" in "Zhuge Liang's Trilogy". It is about the loss of Liu Bei's wife. Zhou Yu presented a "clever plan" to Sun Quan: he married Sun Quan's sister to Liu Bei under false pretence, and used it as bait to trick Liu Bei into "going to prison" in Wu Dong, and took him as a hostage to blackmail Shu Han to return to Jingzhou. Who knows Zhuge Liang wily counterplot, sent Zhao Yunyong "sleeve" to protect Liu Huangshu from going to Soochow to get married. Not only did he pretend to be forced, but Liu Bei also got Mrs. Sun, and both of them escaped cleverly. He also asked Guan Yunchang to meet Zhao Yun, causing heavy losses to Sun Quan and Zhou Yu's pursuers. The story of "Wu Dong courted relatives, pretending to be true" was widely circulated among the people. As a result, Zhou Yu's anger led to a recurrence of arrow injury, and his life was at stake!
"If you were born in, why were you born in Liang!" This is the last sigh of Zhou Yu before he died when Zhuge Liang was "angry" in the 57th Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This sentence was interpreted by later generations as "Since Gong Jin was born in the sky, why should he open a hole in the ground!" That is to say, Zhuge Liang is superior and specializes in "gram" Zhou Yu. He will have bad luck when he is born. With the foreshadowing of "Three Habits", this desperate and helpless sigh has become a classic language of praise and criticism. Zhou Yu, who was demoted, ended in the failure of a tragic figure and died young.
Zhou Yu's praise is mainly found in the History of the Three Kingdoms written by Chen Shou.
Zhou Yu's "Strong character, successful people" ―― This sentence comes from Chen Shou's "The History of the Three Kingdoms". Wu Shu? Zhou Yu Biography, translated into vernacular, means that Zhou Yu is broad-minded and open-minded, and can win the hearts of the people on the whole. This is completely contrary to the statement in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The biography also quoted Zhou Yu's association with Sun Ce in his early years. He voluntarily gave his mansion to Sun Ce, and often visited his granddaughter in class to help Sun Ce get what they needed. And later, in the interaction with Sun Quan, he respected Sun Quan very much and treated Sun Quan, who was only a general at that time, with courtesy to show his tolerance and generosity to the monarch. However, the biography also pointed out realistically that Zhou Yu was "just at odds with Cheng Pu".
However, for this kind of "disharmony", "reflection? Wu Shu? A passage in the Biography of Zhou Yu, quoted from Jin Yupu's Biography of Jiang Biao, can be said to be the best annotation: "(Cheng) Pu is quite old, and several tombs humiliate (Zhou) Yu." Yu's festival will be tolerated, and he will not be with the school. After all, I am self-respecting and very concerned, but I told people:' You and Zhou Jin's bus friends will not get drunk when drinking. At that time, people were impressed by their humility. Reading this passage is a bit like reading "reconciliation" in Historical Records and Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. Zhou Yu's tolerance for Cheng Pu is much like Lin Xiangru's tolerance for Lian Po. Therefore, bad blood can not be used as the basis of Zhou Yu's "narrowness", but can only be found in the self-esteem of older people who "count the tombs and humiliate Yu". On the contrary, Zhou Yu's generosity and forbearance not only resolved the contradiction, but finally moved Cheng Pu to "stay at a respectful distance from others". In particular, Cheng Pu's heartfelt words "Be friends with Duke Zhou Jin, and don't get drunk when drinking" highlight Zhou Yu's generosity.
"The song is wrong, Gu." -"reflection" Wu Shu? The six-character ballad quoted in the Biography of Zhou Yu vividly depicts Zhou Yu's talent of "concentrating on music" since he was a child. Although his (tune) is wrong after three glasses of wine, I must know it, and I will take care of it if I know it. If he feels it, he will go back and remind the band that he is wrong. ). Being proficient in music, reaching the expert level of "knowing everything and saying everything" shows Zhou Yu's elegant temperament and extensive cultivation from another side. This kind of musical accomplishment, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people, has a subtle influence on one's mind and temperament, which is obvious and cannot be erased.
Then, why does The Romance of Three Kingdoms "belittle" and call him "narrow-minded"? We might as well do some analysis and comparison.
Chen Shou (233-297), the earliest author of the History of the Three Kingdoms, was born in the Three Kingdoms period. During the Shu Han period and after Shu Han's death, he served as an official, managing books and imperial history. He is quite familiar with "contemporary history" and has heard many historical facts with his own eyes. Because of his age, the things he adopted were more realistic. Later, Ho Choi, a scholar in the Northern Wei Dynasty, highly praised the History of the Three Kingdoms, saying that it "has a good historical style and clear articles ... there are people who have lived together since class history."
Pei Songzhi, who is only a hundred years away from Chen Shou, once commented on the History of the Three Kingdoms, saying that "many things should be corrected"-this is an incisive summary of Pei Songzhi's realistic attitude reflected in the History of the Three Kingdoms, and he highly praised Chen Shou for "not exaggerating beauty, not hiding evil, and compiling history according to facts". It can be inferred that the image of Zhou Yu in The History of the Three Kingdoms is more faithful (or close) to the truth of historical figures. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, was written by Luo Guanzhong in A.D. 1330- 1400, more than a thousand years later than Chen Shou. His evaluation of historical figures in the Three Kingdoms has a strong tendency of "respecting Liu and restraining Cao", which is due to the feudal orthodoxy that lasted for thousands of years. Therefore, when he was writing the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he praised the events in Shu (especially Zhuge Liang) and strongly criticized the characters of Cao Wei Group, but praised and belittled Sun Wu Group. As for Zhou Yu, Luo Guanzhong regarded him as an obstacle and a foil to Zhuge Liang during the alliance between Sun and Liu, so he tried to exaggerate his "narrow" side and even invented Zhou Yu's wisdom and clumsiness to highlight Zhuge Liang's resourcefulness. It is not surprising that there are so many derogatory remarks, including saying that Zhou Yu is "narrow-minded".
Of course, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms he wrote, after all, collected a lot of historical facts from the History of the Three Kingdoms, and also collected many anecdotes, folk rap and opera stories about the characters of the Three Kingdoms for thousands of years, so the folk literature has a strong color; In addition, he also has a lot of processing, shaping and fictional creation, including replacing trees with flowers, making things out of nothing, growing hair skillfully, inventing imagination, etc., so there is a considerable distance from the historical truth.
Editor in Charge: Andy Chen
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