Shang Yang, a politician in the Warring States Period and a representative figure of Legalism, also known as Gongsun Yang and Wei Yang, was born in about 390 BC and died in 338 BC. Shang Yang is a descendant of the declining nobles in the Warring States Period. He was "good at learning the name of punishment" since he was a child. The so-called "learning of criminal names" refers to a set of legalist theories that establish and consolidate the dictatorship of the landlord class. When Shang Yang was young, he deeply studied Wei's legalist thought, summed up the experience of Li Kui and Wuqi's reform, and perfected his own legalist theory. In 36 1 year BC, Shang Yang was called into the State of Qin and offered a plan to enrich Qiang Bing. He proposed that the reform should focus on two aspects: first, abolish the old feudal landlord system and build Qin into a centralized country with feudal landlord system; The second is to carry out the policy of agricultural war, develop agricultural production in Qin State and enhance military strength. His reform was carried out in two stages. The first time began in Qin Xiaogong for three years, and its main contents include: fabricating household registration and implementing the practice of sitting on the ground with the same number; Reward military service and promulgate a military service reward system; Reward farming, and formulate the law of "reclaiming grass" for land reclamation. The second political reform began in the twelfth year of Qin Xiaogong, and this reform went further than the first one, mainly including "opening up and sealing off the border" and abolishing the land ownership of feudal lords; Popularize the county system and set up county-level administrative agencies directly under the monarch; Direct taxation, military tax levied by households; Unified measurement, cancel the size of the Lord; Get rid of the remaining Rongdi customs and so on. After these two political reforms, the historical transformation of Qin from feudal Lord system to feudal landlord system was completed, the economic and political forces of feudal lords and nobles were gradually eliminated, and the emerging feudal landlord system was increasingly consolidated; With the increase of agricultural labor force and the expansion of cultivated land, agricultural production with grain as the main content is developing day by day, the interests of industry and commerce are mainly concentrated in the hands of feudal countries, and the government's fiscal revenue is increasingly rich; The agricultural war policy has been implemented concretely, and the military strength has become increasingly strong, thus gradually realizing the goal of enriching Qiang Bing. These reforms have promoted the development of productive forces. In 338 BC, when Qin Xiaogong died, Shang Yang was persecuted by his political enemies. His car broke down and his whole family was killed. Shang Yang's important political views were sorted out by later generations and became 29 books, 24 of which were recorded in the Records of Literature and Art..