The development of monoclonal antibodies has gone through four stages, namely, mouse monoclonal antibodies, chimeric monoclonal antibodies, humanized monoclonal antibodies and fully human monoclonal antibodies. Fully human monoclonal antibody: the variable region and constant region of the antibody are human, which removes immunogenicity and toxic and side effects. The technologies related to the preparation of fully human antibodies mainly include: human hybridoma technology, EBV transformation of B lymphocytes technology, phage display technology, transgenic mouse antibody preparation technology and single B cell antibody preparation technology.

Humanized and all-humanized antibody-made humanized and all-humanized antibody drugs have the characteristics of high affinity, high specificity and low toxic and side effects, which overcomes various shortcomings of animal-derived antibodies and chimeric antibodies and has become an inevitable trend in the development of therapeutic antibody drugs.

As a monoclonal antibody drug, adalimumab is difficult to challenge in terms of efficacy and technical threshold; In addition, more and more doctors prefer subcutaneous injection in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases, which does not require injection process and cost. Although the clinical comparative trial with etanercept has not yet come out, it is generally believed that adalimumab is more effective.