Siheyuan is a traditional residential form in Beijing. It took shape at the beginning of Liao Dynasty, and gradually improved in Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and finally became the most distinctive residential form in Beijing. The so-called four in one, "four" means east, west, south and north, and "combination" means that all houses are surrounded together to form a "mouth" shape. After hundreds of years of construction, Beijing quadrangles have formed a unique Beijing style from plane layout to internal structure and detail decoration.
The top ten hutongs in Beijing are Nanluoguxiang, Dai Yan Xie Jie, Maoer Hutong, Guozijian Street, Liulichang, Jinyu Hutong, Dongjiaomin Alley, Xijiaomin Alley, Juer Hutong and Eight Hutong.
Peking Opera was once known as one of the five major operas in China, with Xipi and Huang Er as the main tunes, accompanied by huqin and gongs and drums. It was regarded as the quintessence of the country and was the "top spot" among the three leading operas in China.
Anhui Opera is the predecessor of Beijing Opera. Since the 55th year of Qing Qianlong (1790), four Huizhou classes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which had performed in the south, have successively entered Beijing. They cooperated with artists in Hubei, and accepted some plays, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Shaanxi Opera, as well as folk tunes. After continuous exchange and integration, Peking Opera was finally formed. After the formation of Beijing opera, it began to develop rapidly in the Qing court until the country of * * * was unprecedentedly prosperous.
Peking Opera has spread all over the world and become an important medium to introduce and spread China's traditional art and culture. It is distributed all over China with Beijing as the center. 20 10,10, 16, Peking Opera was listed in the "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".
Crosstalk, as a folk rap art, originated in northern China and was popular in Ming Dynasty. Today, China crosstalk has three birthplaces: Beijing Tianqiao, Tianjin Quanyechang and Nanjing Confucius Temple.
Different from other humorous performances, crosstalk emphasizes rap, which is in the same strain as the Eight Banners culture. Lian Kuoru once said: "The art of crosstalk is produced by octagonal drums.
Extended data
Siheyuan (quadrangle) is an inner quadrangle surrounded by houses in the east, west, south and north. Beijing quadrangles, as the main architectural form that old Beijingers have lived in for generations, are well-known at home and abroad and all over the world. First of all, it has a long history. Since Beijing was formally established as the capital in Yuan Dynasty, quadrangles and palaces, office buildings, blocks and hutongs in Beijing have appeared at the same time.
According to Xiong Dui's analysis at the end of Yuan Dynasty, "Dadu street system, north and south are called meridians, and east and west are called latitudes. The street is 24 steps wide, with 384 long lanes and 29 narrow lanes. " Secondly, the composition of quadrangles is unique. Its courtyard is spacious, surrounded by independent houses and connected by verandahs, making it very convenient to live; Closed doors make quadrangles have strong privacy, and closed doors come from heaven and earth; All four doors in the courtyard are open to the courtyard, and home and music are beautiful; The spacious courtyard can also plant trees and flowers, feed birds and fish, and stack rocks and scenery to let residents enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature.
In addition, although quadrangles are residential buildings, they contain profound cultural connotations and are the carriers of China traditional culture. The construction of quadrangles pays great attention to geomantic omen and geomantic omen theory, which is actually an ancient architectural environmentology in China and an important part of China's traditional architectural theory. The decoration, sculpture and painting of quadrangles also reflect folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, showing people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, prosperity and auspiciousness, such as the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters, which means "longevity and happiness"; The Chinese rose pattern in the vase means "peace in the four seasons"; The auspicious words embedded in the door hairpin and the door head, the couplets stuck on the pillars and the masterpieces of calligraphy and painting hung indoors are all ancient teachings of the sages and philosophers. They use ancient and modern famous sentences, or praise the beauty of mountains and rivers, or learn to live in the world, or recite the ambition of a swan. They are elegant and full of rich cultural atmosphere, just like the halls of traditional culture in China.