Isaac newton is an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer and natural philosopher. His main contributions are the universal gravitation and the three laws of motion in the paper Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy published in 1687.
2. Einstein
Einstein is a German-American Jew, a world-famous physicist, a pioneer and founder of modern physics, an advocate of relativity, "mass-energy relationship" and laser, and a defender of "deterministic quantum mechanical explanation".
3. Maxwell
Maxwell (1831.06.13-1879.1.5)-19 century great British physicist and mathematician. Maxwell mainly engaged in electromagnetic theory, molecular physics, statistical physics, optics, mechanics and elastic theory. He predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, and this theory was fully verified by experiments.
4. Bohr
Niels Henrik David Bohr is a Danish physicist. Bohr is the founder of Copenhagen School, Master of Science and Doctor of Science of Copenhagen University, and an academician of Royal Danish Academy of Sciences. He has won the gold medal from the Royal Danish Academy of Science and Art, honorary doctorates from the University of Manchester and Cambridge, and the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.
5.weinberg
Steven weinberg was born in new york, an American physicist, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979. He studied many topics in particle physics, including the high-energy behavior of quantum field theory, and he also developed a method to deduce quantum field theory, which became the first chapter of his later book, Field Theory Quantum, and began to write about gravity and cosmology. These two books, especially the latter, are one of the most influential textbooks in their respective fields.
6. Cavendish
Henry cavendish is an English physicist and chemist. He made a detailed study of the properties of hydrogen for the first time, proved that water is not a simple substance, and predicted the existence of rare gases in the air.
7. Feynman
Richard feynman (191May 081-1September 08 15), Feynman is a descendant of Russian and Polish Jews who immigrated to the United States at the end of19. American physicist. 1965 winner of the nobel prize in physics, and the first person to put forward the concept of nano.
8. Dirac
Paul dirac, a British theoretical physicist and one of the founders of quantum mechanics, has made important contributions to the early development of quantum electrodynamics.
9.planck
Max Planck is a famous German physicist, an important founder of quantum mechanics (quantum theory, quantum theory) and one of the two most important physicists in the 20th century.
10, Hawking
Stephen william hawking is a famous physicist at Cambridge University in England and one of the greatest physicists today. Hawking's main research fields are cosmology and black holes. He proved the singularity theorem of general relativity and the area theorem of black holes, and took an important step to unify the two basic theories of physics in the 20th century-Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's theory of quantum mechanics.
(field of physics research):
1, condensed matter physics:
Studying the macroscopic properties of matter, these phases contain a large number of components, and the interaction between team members is very strong. The most familiar condensed phases are solids and liquids, which are formed by bonds between atoms and electromagnetic forces. More condensed matter phases include superfluid and Bose-Einstein condensed matter (found in some atomic systems with very low temperatures); Superconducting phases of conducting electrons in some materials: ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases in atomic lattice. Condensed matter physics has always been the biggest research field. Historically, it originated from solid state physics. 1967 was first put forward by philip anderson and adopted this name.
2, atomic, molecular and optical physics:
Study the interaction between matter and matter, light and matter within the scope of atomic size or several atomic structures. These three areas are closely related. Because they use similar methods and related energy levels. They all include classical and quantum processing methods; Deal with problems from a micro perspective. Atomic physics studies the shell of atoms, focusing on the quantum control of atoms and ions; Cooling and trapping; Low temperature collision dynamics: accurate measurement of basic constants; Collective effect of electrons in structural dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus. However, nuclear phenomena such as nuclear division and nuclear synthesis belong to high-energy physics. Molecular physics focuses on polyatomic structure and its interaction with matter and light. Optical physics here only studies the basic characteristics of light and the interaction between light and matter in the microscopic field.
3, high energy/particle physics:
Particle physics studies the basic components of matter and energy and their interaction; Also known as high energy physics. Because many elementary particles do not exist in nature, they only appear when they collide with other particles in a high-energy particle accelerator. According to the interaction standard model of elementary particles, there are 12 elementary particle models of known substances (quarks and light particles). They interact through strong, weak and electromagnetic basic forces. The standard model also predicts the existence of the Higgs boson. Looking for it.
4. Astrophysics:
Astrophysics and astronomy are physical theories and methods used to study the structure and evolution of stars, the origin of the solar system and related problems of the universe. Because astrophysics covers a wide range. It uses many physical principles. Including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. 193 1 year, Karl discovered the radio signals from celestial bodies. Started radio astronomy. Space exploration has expanded the field of astronomy. The interference of the earth's atmosphere makes the observation space need infrared, ultra-ultraviolet, gamma rays and x-rays. Physical cosmology studies the formation and evolution of the universe on a large scale. Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in modern cosmic theory. At the beginning of the 20th century, Hubble discovered that the universe was expanding, which promoted the discussion of the steady-state theory of the universe and the Big Bang. 1964 The discovery of the cosmic microwave background proves that the Big Bang theory may be correct. The Big Bang model is based on two theoretical frameworks: Einstein's general theory of relativity and cosmological principles. Cosmology established ACDM universe evolution model; Including the expansion of the universe, black energy and black matter. Many possibilities and discoveries can be expected from the new data of Fermi gamma-ray telescope and the improvement of the existing universe model. Especially in the next few years, there may be many discoveries about dark matter.