So, with a sense of guilt, I embarked on the smooth road to Liaoyang. From Shenyang Upper Outer Ring Road to Shenyang-Dalian Expressway, it takes a few minutes to reach the ancient city of Liaoyang.
Liaoyang is one of 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning province, which is located between Shenyang and Anshan in the middle of Liaoning province and less than 90 kilometers away from Shenyang, the provincial capital.
Knowing where a city with a long history begins, of course, is to go to the museum. Because a city with culture, history and soul will have a museum, with time as the axis and physical objects as evidence, to introduce the historical past of the city to tourists. The long history and rich cultural relics tell you the culture and soul of this city.
Liaoyang Museum is located in the old city, which is divided into old and new parts from a bird's eye view. The old building is a traditional quadrangle structure, which was the residence of Peng Xian, the general manager of the official bank of the three northeastern provinces (later the governor of the border bank) during the Republic of China. It was built in the 10th year of the Republic of China (192 1). 1984, this house was designated as the former site of Liaoyang Museum, and it was officially opened to the public on 1985+00, 1, with the name inscribed by Bo Yibo.
The exhibition halls of the museum are distributed on two floors. The first layer is mainly composed of comprehensive content. In addition to the exhibition of Liaoyang Museum's collections, special exhibitions such as calligraphy and painting, party history, clean government and historical celebrities are often held. It is the center of Liaoyang's local historical research, propaganda and patriotic education activities by using cultural relics.
On the second floor, there is an exhibition of historical sites, which introduces the brief history of Liaoyang in four exhibition rooms, and selects more than 300 pieces from the collection of more than 4,000 cultural relics as the exhibition content. The historical timeline from the Neolithic Age to the Ming and Qing Dynasties mainly includes unearthed cultural relics and handed down cultural relics. It focuses on the Pleistocene Mei's rhinoceros fossils, bronzes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, cultural relics unearthed in Western Han villages, and murals in ancient tombs. Among them, Wang Lieshou Ping is the treasure of the town hall in Qing Dynasty. At that time, only the video was taken, and the pictures were omitted.
As soon as I entered the museum gate, I noticed the label of "the first city in Northeast China", and the first part of Liaoyang's brief history began with the striking "the first city in Northeast China". At the beginning, like many people, I was skeptical about this formulation, so I paid special attention to understanding these bases to dispel doubts.
I really don't know if I hadn't seen it. Liaoyang is really amazing.
In the tenth year of Yan Zhaowang (300 BC), General Qin Kai led the army to defeat the ethnic groups in Donghu and drove them to the north.
In order to protect and manage this area, he built the Yan Great Wall, which started in the north of Hebei and ended in the east of Liaodong, and established five counties, such as western Liaoning and Liaodong. Liaodong county government is located in Xiangping (now Liaoyang city).
"Historical Records of Han Dynasty" records: "Qin opened the East Lake and built Xiangping."
During the Han and Wei Dynasties, politics, economy and culture with Cheng Xiangping as the center flourished unprecedentedly. The museum shows the iron farm tools unearthed from the site of Sandaohao Village in the Western Han Dynasty, which reflects that a self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy has been formed in this period. At that time, the Central Plains was at war for years, and Liaodong was relatively stable.
From then on, to 1625, Liaoyang was not only the political, economic, military and cultural center of Liaoning but also the northeast region, leaving a large number of historical sites.
196 1 year, when the state announced the first batch of key cultural relics protection units, there were three historical sites in Liaoning Province, namely the Forbidden City in Shenyang, the Fengguo Temple in Yixian County, and the murals in the tombs of Han and Wei Dynasties in Liaoyang.
The Han and Wei murals in Liaoyang are not as wonderful as those in Luoyang, which shows that in the Han Dynasty, as the capital of Liaodong County, Liaoyang was prosperous. Shenyang, then called Houcheng, was just a county-level military town near the Great Wall under the jurisdiction of Liaodong County.
As a military center, the ancient city of Liaoyang has also experienced the destruction and reconstruction of various dynasties. From the establishment of the city in the Warring States Period, to the prosperity of Liaodong County in the Han Dynasty, to the decline of Goguryeo's occupation period, and to the recapture of the city by Emperor Taizong's Li Shimin, thousands of years were spent in struggle, entering the Liao and Jin Dynasties and entering another glorious period.
In ancient times, there was strict etiquette in building towers by archway. Building the tallest ancient pagoda in Northeast China in Liaoyang is not only a lofty position, but also a reflection of its central position.
The White Pagoda was originally a big stupa during the construction of Guangyou Temple in Liaoyang Prefecture, Tokyo in Liao Dynasty. 1900, the Boxer Rebellion gathered here and burned down Russian railway stations and other buildings. Brou Saudi King, the leader of the Russian army stationed in Lushun, sent Cossack cavalry to Liaoyang to suppress the Boxer Rebellion, burned the Baita Temple and destroyed this ancient building complex. Only the White Pagoda stands in the west of the city, which has become a great witness to the disaster in the ancient city of Liaoyang.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the garrison system was established to rule Liaodong. Liaoyang is the capital of Liaodong, which has jurisdiction over 25 Wei and two free states. With the establishment of military households as the main body, wasteland and frontier defense. Build the Great Wall of Liaodong and a platform to prevent the invasion of Walla and Jurchen nomads.
When history came to the end of Ming Dynasty, Qing Taizu Nurhachi moved the capital from Fushun to Liaoyang, and established a new capital on the banks of Prince Edward River in 162 1. It is the base camp for advancing inside Shanhaiguan Pass and the center of politics and military affairs.
Why is Liaoyang, with such a long history, approved as a famous historical and cultural city?
After Tokyo City was abandoned, hundreds of Manchu people came to live here from Shanhaiguan pass during Shunzhi period, and by 2000, it had grown to more than 5,000 households. How to protect the ruins of Tokyo is a very big task for residents to move, which took more than six years to complete.
There are five hard conditions for the State Council to declare a national historical and cultural city: first, the preservation of cultural relics is particularly rich; Second, historical buildings are concentrated in pieces; The third is to retain the traditional pattern and historical features; Fourth, it has been used as a political, economic, cultural, transportation center or military important place in history, or important historical events have occurred, or its traditional industries and major projects built in history have had an important impact on the development of the region, or can reflect the cultural and national characteristics of the buildings in the region; Fifth, there should be more than two historical and cultural blocks within the scope of protection of historical and cultural cities. Liaoyang has become a national historical and cultural city precisely because of the current situation.
Today, Tokyo has built a ruins park, which has become a good place for ordinary people to understand history and play.
As the first city in Northeast China, Liaoyang has become a national historical and cultural city. According to the requirements in the letter, the location of a famous historical and cultural city shall prepare a protection plan for the famous historical and cultural city, determine the protection scope and construction control zone of historical and cultural blocks, cultural relics protection units and historical buildings, and formulate and strictly implement relevant protection and management regulations. In planning and construction, it is necessary to scientifically coordinate the protection and utilization of cultural relics and the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage, correctly handle the relationship between urban construction and the protection of historical and cultural resources, attach importance to the protection of urban pattern, and strengthen the overall and systematic protection. Pay attention to the renovation of urban environment and the transformation of historical buildings, maintain the traditional pattern, historical features and spatial scale, and must not change the interdependent natural landscape and environment, and must not carry out any construction activities that are incompatible with the environment and features of famous cities, and must not damage or move or dismantle historical buildings without authorization.
Since Nurhachi moved to Shenyang 395 years ago, with the transfer of political, cultural and military centers, it has brought economic and social influences. Liaoyang is gradually neglected, and the city size is much worse than Shenyang.
Today, as a sub-central city of Shenyang Economic Zone, one of the cities opening to the outside world in Liaodong Peninsula, and an emerging modern petrochemical textile industrial base, Liaoyang is rich in tourism resources. In addition to human history, ice and snow hot springs are hot spots for winter tourism. How to develop tourism with the help of the establishment of a famous historical and cultural city, the future of Liaoyang is expected.
Meeting is also beautiful, and the dust settles.