Cattle model diagram
The main basis for claiming that Niu Geng began in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty is Qi Yao Min Shu written by Jia Sixie, a famous agronomist in ancient China. Zhao started to dress up as Niu Geng? Go ahead. Records in Hanshu: During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhao Guo, a captain of Sousu, promoted Niu Geng and peace in Shaanxi and Gansu. Pulling a plow with someone? Advocate? Alternative method? And then the counties? The commander-in-chief, three elders, farmers and elders are good at farming and learn to cultivate seedlings? . This is indeed the first large-scale promotion of Niu Geng technology in China. Wang Jing and Ren Yan of the Eastern Han Dynasty continued to be popularized in Lujiang County and Jiuzhen County, so the history of the Five Elements of the Later Han Dynasty began to appear? Rinderpest? Record. This shows that Niu Geng has been widely popularized from north to south for a period of time after the mid-Western Han Dynasty. The stone reliefs of Niu Geng in Han Dynasty unearthed in tengxian, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province and Suide County, Shaanxi Province are vivid and true records. Therefore, Lin Duanyan wrote in the 97th special issue of Guangming Daily History that there is no doubt that Niu Geng had an indissoluble bond with farmers in the Western Han Dynasty and was widely used. ? However, Wang Sizhi questioned this according to his own research. In his article "Re-discussion on Slave Society in Han Dynasty", he admitted that Niu Geng had been further popularized in the Western Han Dynasty, but it was not widely used in various regions:
Rong Sheng disagreed in an article discussed with Wang Wen. He explained: the so-called universal use should make such a distinction. The first is the widespread use of Niu Geng in various regions. Second, Niu Geng is widely used in every family. The widespread use of Niu Geng in the Han Dynasty obviously refers to the naming area, not the widespread use of Niu Geng in every household, because even in the Ming Dynasty, which was very popular in Niu Geng, there were still? People who don't have plows plow with knives? Phenomenon.
Although the above opinions are different, they all don't believe Jia Sixie? Zhao said to him? . So, when did Niu Geng start?
mural paintings in tombs of han dynasty
The popular view in academic circles is that Niu Geng was very common during the Warring States Period. Mandarin. Jin Yu:? Fu Fan, Bank of China, is not sympathetic to ordinary difficulties and wants to be good at Jin State. Therefore, their descendants worked hard for this acre of land in the underground ancestral temple where Qi cultivated and forced sacrifices. ? With the sacrifice of sacrifice to cultivate the land, some people went bankrupt for Niu Geng and became farmers. ?
At the end of the spring and autumn period. "Warring States policy." Historical Records ● Zhao Family also said:? Moreover, the Qin Dynasty used fields and water to feed grain, and its dead people were all listed on the ground, so that Yan Zheng could not fight. ? Around 262 BC, on the eve of the battle of Changping. ? Tian? Obviously, there was Niu Geng in the State of Qin at the end of the Warring States. Moreover, The Book of Rites and the Moon Order says: (March in Ji Dong), I am destined to be the king next to the catastrophe.
Here, cows are dug out to send air conditioning. ? High lure note:? Cattle have been unearthed, and the cattle advised by our hometown are also in Waibu Street. ? Many scholars think? Native cow? However, the common phenomenon in Niu Geng during the Warring States Period was a reflection of vulgarity.
For this popular view, experts can put forward different opinions on several issues about Niu Geng during the Warring States Period. In his view, Lu Chunqiu, based on the agricultural production of Qin, also taught. Cattle in the Warring States period were mainly used to eat and catch noodles, not to fight, reflecting the situation at that time. Cattle man? Record:? Cattle farmers take care of the country's bulls. In order to wait for the decree of the state, all the sacrifices are to let them enjoy the cows and beg for them, all for the people. All guests, * * * their prisoners accumulate rice and cows, and their meals insult cows. Soldiers * * * their cows, funerals * * * their cows. Who * * * will travel with the army, the cattle of its personnel carriers, not the thunder, to carry public servants. Just don't mention cows. The implication is that Daren opposes a popular saying in Niu Geng during the Warring States Period. However, under the premise that new technology has just been produced in Qin state, he advocates? After the mid-Western Han Dynasty, Niu Geng has become common, right? ,? During the Warring States period, the main agricultural tool was thunder? . However, King pointed out in his recent book The Social History of Slaves in China:? Ran Boniu, a disciple of Confucius, is famous for his agriculture, Sima Geng is famous for his agriculture, Jin Lishi is famous for his agriculture and so on. This kind of name? Cattle? With what? Plough? Taken together, it strongly proved the existence of Niu Geng at that time.
In fact, according to research, Niu Geng existed as early as the Shang Dynasty in China. The History of Science and Technology in China says: Niu Geng was invented in Shang Dynasty, and written characters are common in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Thailand is like a plow, and some small points are like plowing, digging and riding an ox, which comes later? Plough? Words. According to the legend of the merchant, his ancestor Wang Hai could drive a cart with an ox. He must have pulled a plow with an ox. However, the recently published Oracle Bone Inscriptions Science and Technology in Yin Ruins pointed out: In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the most recorded cattle are dynamic animals used for sacrifice and transportation. Of course, since the Yin people cultivated it, there may be Niu Geng, but it has not been confirmed yet, and further investigation is needed.