1978165438+1On the evening of October 24th, Yan Lihua's hut was crowded with 18 farmers in the west of Xiaogang Village, Fengli Commune, Fengyang County, Anhui Province.
At the moment, a secret meeting related to the fate of the whole village is being held here. The direct result of this meeting was the birth of a contract guarantee with less than 100 words.
Among them, there are three main contents: first, dividing fields into households; Second, stop asking the state for money and food; Third, if the cadres go to prison, the members promise to feed their children to 18 years old.
At the meeting, captain Yan particularly emphasized, "We divide the land into households and don't hide it from anyone." 1978, this move is brave, even a great feat.
From June 65438 to1October 65438, 0979, the threshing floor in Xiaogang village was golden. According to estimates, the total grain output in that year was 66 tons, equivalent to the total grain output of the whole team from 65438 to 65438 to 0970.
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The household contract responsibility system has changed the old rural management system, liberated rural productive forces and mobilized farmers' enthusiasm for production and management.
First, as far as the whole country is concerned, the level of agricultural development is relatively low, mainly manual labor, which is not suitable for large-scale operation, and the business units are divided into families, which is suitable for this kind of manual labor production level.
Second, the original collective labor under large-scale operation (before the reform, the rural areas took the production team as the basic production and business operation unit, and the farmers scored the labor assessment at the end of the year) was difficult to accurately count the quantity and quality of everyone's labor, so it must be an egalitarian "big pot", and taking the family as the economic unit can overcome the egalitarianism of doing more and doing less.
Third, the labor objects of agricultural production are animals, plants and other creatures. This feature of the working object requires workers to have a stronger sense of responsibility, and taking the family as the business unit is helpful to realize this requirement. Therefore, the household contract responsibility system makes agricultural production and rural economy flourish.
The household contract responsibility system fundamentally embodies the direct combination of farmers and means of production. And this special form of direct combination is the proper meaning of socialist public ownership.
Marx believed that "regardless of the social production form, workers and means of production will always be factors of production ... If production is to be carried out, it is necessary to combine them and implement the special ways and methods of this combination, so that the social structure can be divided into different economic periods." In class society, the private ownership of the means of production determines the separation of workers from the means of production.
As the last social form of class society, so does capitalist society, and it is precisely the separation of workers and means of production stipulated by capitalist private ownership that intensifies the basic contradiction between capitalist production sociality and capitalist private ownership, leading to all-round crises in capitalist society again and again.
It is also in order to solve the basic contradiction of capitalism that Marx and Engels put forward the scientific idea of replacing capitalist private ownership with socialist public ownership based on the interests of the proletariat and the inevitable law of social and historical development. Engels pointed out: "Private ownership must be abolished and replaced by the use of production tools and the distribution of products according to agreement."
Obviously, the socialist public ownership expounded by Engels is a denial of the separation of capitalist workers and means of production, and a direct combination of workers and means of production. The household contract responsibility system makes farmers and land directly and closely combined. The household contract responsibility system is essentially the realization form of socialist rural public ownership.
The implementation of the household contract responsibility system has liberated China's rural productive forces, initiated the second golden age in the history of China's agricultural development, and fully reflected the superiority of socialist public ownership.
The total grain output increased from 659.5 billion Jin in 1978 to 2019.4 million tons. China agriculture feeds 22% of the world's population with 7% of the world's arable land. The development of agriculture has also laid a solid foundation for the development of the national economy.
Moreover, due to the internal promotion of interests, household contract management "not only adapts to traditional agriculture with manual labor as the mainstay, but also adapts to modern agriculture with advanced science and technology and means of production", thus promoting the modernization of agriculture in China. In a word, the basic policy of long-term stability in rural areas put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee is completely correct.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Household Contract Responsibility System