Boeing 737 is mainly aimed at the demand of short-haul routes. It is reliable, simple and economical in operation and maintenance, but it is not suitable for long-distance flight. According to the project start-up time and technological advancement, it is divided into traditional 737 and new generation 737. Traditional 737 includes 737-100/-200; 737-300/-400/-500, and the new generation 737 includes 737-600/-700/-800/-900. The Boeing 737- 100 prototype Boeing 737 is scheduled to be launched on 1964, and the cross section of the nose and fuselage is Boeing 707/727. The fuselage can accommodate a row of six seats. 737- 100 was originally conceived as a small-capacity short-haul airliner with only 65 to 80 seats. However, at the insistence of Lufthansa, the first customer, the design capacity of 737- 100 was upgraded to 100. The prototype of 1967 made its first test flight on April 9, 1967, 12 and 15, and the first 737- 100 aircraft was delivered to Lufthansa on February 28, 1967. 737- 100 is not popular in the market, only 30 aircraft have been produced. Boeing introduced the extended fuselage model 737-200 at 1967 to meet the demand of American market. The 737-200 series was very popular in the market, and the total output reached 1 1 14, and it was not stopped until 1988.

198 1 year, Boeing decided to continue to design the improved model of the 737 series. The 737-300 was introduced in 1984, slightly longer than the 737-200, and the modern cockpit design of Boeing 757 and 767 was applied. The cabin design originated from Boeing 757, 102-6544. 737-400 is an extension of 737-300, with a passenger capacity of 150- 180. 737-500 is a shortened model of 737-300 with a long cruising range and the number of seats is 104- 132. This series of Boeing 737 was discontinued in 2000.

In order to cope with the competition of Airbus A320, BoeiNG launched the new generation 737 project 737-700 with winglets in 1993 (formerly known as 737-ng, which is the abbreviation of "next generation", meaning "next generation"), and it was officially put into use in 1998. 1993165438+1October, Boeing started the Boeing 737-700 project, taking 737-700 as the basic model and directly replacing 737-300. At that time, the startup user Southwest Airlines ordered 63 aircraft. The first aircraft was put into operation in 1997 and 65438+February. 1September 5, 994, the Boeing 737-800 project started. 737-800 is an extended fuselage model of 737-700, which directly replaces 737-400. The first plane was delivered in the spring of 1998. 1995 March 15, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS, SAS) ordered 35 aircraft and became the start-up user of Boeing 737-600. 737-600 is a shortened model of 737-700. The first Boeing 737-600 was delivered in 1998. 1997165438+10/0, the Boeing 737-900 project started. 737-900 is the longest model of the new generation 737. 200 1 start delivery.

By the end of 2007, all models of Boeing 737 series had received more than 7000 orders. In the history of civil aviation, no other aircraft has achieved such a great success in sales ... more orders for all products than Airbus, the main competitor, has received since its establishment 30 years ago. There are nearly 1000 Boeing 737s flying in the sky at any time in the world. Boeing 737 wing adopts cantilever lower wing. Due to the short range, low cruising speed and altitude, the aircraft adopts a large wing loading (500 kg/m2) and a small sweep angle. The aspect ratio is 8.83, the chord grazing angle is 25//4, and the average relative thickness is 12.89%. The engine nacelle has Kruger leading edge flaps inside and three leading edge slats outside. Three-slit trailing edge flap with aluminum alloy honeycomb structure. Ailerons and spoilers control the rolling of the aircraft. The outer spoiler can also be used as a speed brake. The wing structure is a torsion-resistant box structure, which is designed for aluminum alloy damage safety. It consists of continuous upper and lower rafters, webs and steel bars. The upper and lower skins are variable thickness skins continuously processed from the wing root to the wing tip, and are riveted by stringers. Tail, rudder and elevator are widely used in FRP structures. Excellent wing design makes Boeing 737 suitable for short runway take-off and landing, and has good high-altitude cruising ability. The wing design of the new generation 737 aircraft adopts new advanced technology. The chord length (width) of the wing is increased by 20 inches (50 cm), and the wingspan (length) is increased by about 65,438+06 feet (5 meters). The total area of the wing has increased by 25%, which not only increases the oil load, but also improves the efficiency, which is conducive to extending the voyage. Increase the oil loading by 30% each time. Except 737-600 can add winglets.

Two engines are suspended under the wing of Boeing 737. 737- 100/-200, the earliest model, initially used turbojet engine, 737-200 can be equipped with low bypass ratio turbofan engine such as JT8D, with a single thrust of 71.2 kN (7260 kg); The 737-300/-400/-500 adopts Gao Han DOE turbofan engine and is equipped with two CFM56 turbofan engines, each with a thrust of about 88.97 kN(907 1kg). Improve economy and reduce noise level.

Boeing 737 has two independent hydraulic systems, which provide power for flight control system, flaps, slats, landing gear, front wheel steering and wheel braking. Two engines each drive an alternator. Garrett's auxiliary power unit can drive the generator to provide power and pressure for the air conditioning system in the ground and air emergencies, and can also be used to start the engine.

The speed of the early Boeing 737 was Mach 0.745, and the maximum flight speed could reach Mach 0.82. The cruising speed of the new generation 737 aircraft reaches Mach 0.785 (530 mph), the maximum cruising altitude of the Boeing 737-300/-400/-500 is 37,000 feet, and the maximum cruising altitude of the new generation Boeing 737 can reach 4 1000 feet. The range of the new generation Boeing 737 is about 3,300 nautical miles (5,926 kilometers), which is 900 nautical miles more than that of the earlier Boeing 737.

The average dispatch reliability of the new generation 737 aircraft is 99.7% in the first two years of delivery, and the average dispatch reliability of all 737 aircraft fleets in the world is 99.2%, which is the highest in the industry. The safety record of Boeing 737 fleet is twice that of the global jet fleet, and the safety record of 737 aircraft produced in the past decade is three times that of other models produced in the same period. As it turns out, 737 is the safest plane. June 5438+October 2000 10, Boeing 737 became the first aircraft in history to fly more than 1 100 million hours, a new generation of Boeing 737 fully digital cockpit.