As a financial management system, the tax-sharing system was implemented from 65438 to 0994 and was widely adopted by western countries. In the late Qing Dynasty, the budding of tax-sharing system appeared in China.
Tax-sharing refers to the division of tax management authority and tax revenue between central and local governments on the basis of clearly dividing the scope of government affairs and expenditures at all levels in the country, in accordance with the principle of unity of government affairs and financial rights, and in combination with the characteristics of taxes.
The mode of budget management system supplemented by subsidy system conforms to the principles of market economy and the requirements of public finance theory, and it is a relatively successful practice for market economy countries to implement macro-control of the economy by financial means.
Tax sharing is a common practice in market economy countries. Market competition requires financial resources to be relatively dispersed, and macro-control requires financial resources to be relatively concentrated. The relationship between centralization and decentralization is reflected in the financial management system, which is the relationship between centralization and decentralization of the central government and local governments. Historically, every country has encountered this problem in the process of its market economy development, and it has been repeatedly discussed and practiced; Judging from the current situation, no matter what form the market economy countries take, they generally adopt the tax-sharing method to solve the problem of centralization and decentralization.
The tax-sharing system is a financial management system that divides the central and local revenue sources according to tax categories. To implement the tax-sharing system, it is required to realize "three points" according to tax types: decentralization, tax-sharing system and tax management. Therefore, the tax-sharing system is essentially a financial management system formed by dividing taxes into central taxes and local taxes (sometimes including * * * taxes) in order to effectively handle the relationship between the central government and local governments in terms of affairs and financial rights.
Under the new situation, China must improve the tax-sharing system in accordance with the direction of "financial resources are consistent with administrative powers". Although there is only one word difference between financial resources and financial power, its influence is far-reaching. Financial power is only the administrative division of the central government, without considering the imbalance of local economic development, while financial resources take into account the development of China's dual economy and face up to the differences in economic development between the east, the middle and the west. Therefore, in the process of tax-sharing reform, we should correctly handle the relationship between financial power, financial resources and administrative power, and give local governments the necessary tax legislative power and tax rate change power under the premise of effective control by the central government. While the central government gives local vertical transfer payments, it can also consider giving horizontal transfer payments to underdeveloped areas in the eastern, central and western regions, so as to truly achieve "consistency between financial resources and powers."