They all gave up the plan to carve up Germany and agreed that Germany should be occupied by the armies of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union. Thanks to the cooperation between the great powers after the war
Gradually split, and led to the outbreak of the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the German issue became the focus of the "cold war." The "Cold War" made the partition of Germany occupy the grid.
The bureau evolved into a split situation in Germany. In order to control the occupied areas in the west and the east respectively, the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union each implemented policies that were beneficial to their own countries in this occupied area.
The interest policy made the two occupied areas gradually develop into two different economic and political entities, and finally established two countries. The division of Germany
It is the result of the will of the great powers imposed on the German people and the product of the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union.
* * *
Why did Germany split into two countries after World War II? As far as its internal factors are concerned, the main reason is that German fascists launched the Second World War.
The world war was the result of fascism. As far as its external factors are concerned, it is because the wartime cooperation policies of big countries led by the United States and the Soviet Union have gradually moved towards.
The product of confrontation and leading to the "Cold War" is the result of external forces imposed on Germany. This paper mainly discusses that the United States and the Soviet Union moved from cooperation to confrontation and finally to "indifference"
The outbreak of "war" and how it led to the division of Germany, and what kind of historical fate the political struggle between great powers brought to a nation.
one
It is entirely reasonable for the victorious country to punish the defeated country that launched the war and prevent it from becoming the source of war again. morality
China provoked and launched two world wars in this century, and twice dragged mankind into the whirlpool of world wars, causing great disasters and immeasurable losses to mankind.
The loss in quantity, especially the Second World War, almost destroyed thousands of years of human civilization. How to punish Germany which was defeated in two world wars?
The victors took severe measures against Germany. Among these measures, the requirements of dismembering and dividing Germany are involved.
After World War I, the Allies held a peace conference in Paris on June 5438+09 19 65438+ 10/8 to punish the defeated countries. France for the sake of
Weaken Germany economically and militarily to the maximum extent, establish its hegemonic position in Europe, put forward a plan to dismember Germany, and stick to it
Germany recaptured the left bank of the Rhine, established the Rhine Republic under French protection with the Rhine as the boundary, and established independence in the south.
Bavaria and this country. In order to maintain its hegemony in Europe, Britain is afraid of the strength of France, and hopes that Germany will maintain a certain strength against France.
Balance and resolutely oppose the French plan. France's plan to dismember Germany didn't come true. After bargaining, 27 countries including Britain, France, the United States, Italy and Japan made a peace treaty with Germany.
The terms of the treaty, the Treaty of Versailles. French Prime Minister clemenceau, President of the Peace Conference, handed the text of the peace treaty to German Foreign Minister Cao Lan.
: "It's time for liquidation. You asked us for peace, and we are willing to give you peace. " (1) However, what kind of peaceful painting is this?
Where are the noodles? The peace treaty did not touch the original political structure of Germany, the officers who started the war were preserved intact, and the war criminals were not punished.
Punishment, William II took refuge in the Netherlands, Hindenburg became a national hero, and later became the German president. The peace treaty only committed a crime against Germany economically.
The evil plunder demanded that Germany bear the full responsibility of the war, and stipulated Germany's enslaved and plundered status. A lot of land was ceded, a huge war.
Striving for reparations and strict military restrictions is like a heavy cross on the head of the German people. The implementation of the Treaty of Versailles not only hurt greatly
It hurts the national feelings of the German people and brings economic and political instability to the newly born Weimar and China. The treaty of Versailles didn't
But it did not play a role in sanctioning Germany to become the source of war again. On the contrary, it made Germany hate the victorious country and democracy and turned it into fascism.
Rise provides soil. In this sense, the sanctions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles actually planted the seeds of revenge in Germany.
It led to the formation of the source of World War II. It should be said that the sanctions imposed on Germany by the victorious countries after World War I failed.
After the end of World War II, how to punish Germany, the defeated country? In view of the lessons of the failure of sanctions against Germany after World War I, the heads of the three major countries of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union are
Before the end of the war, we are actively considering this issue. The principle of punishing and dealing with Germany was gradually established at the wartime summit of the three countries.
In addition, there are some political and economic principles and measures, as well as laws and regulations aimed at eradicating German militarism and Nazism.
In addition to Germany paying huge war reparations and ceding or transferring some land to neighboring countries, an important topic discussed at the three summits was how to carve up Germany.
Country.
At the Tehran conference held from 1 June 28th, 943,165438+1October 28th to1February, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin discussed how to deal with Germany.
Presented their respective views. Roosevelt said he wanted to clear the traces of the concept of empire from the German mind. Stalin thought that only
It is not enough to just remove the word "empire". We should not only make the "empire" itself never drag the world into war, but also emphasize that only by controlling Germany.
The measures to disarm Germany are not enough to stop the revival of German imperialism, and more severe measures such as splitting Germany must be taken. In order to stop Germany
Once again, it became the source of war threatening world peace, and the Big Three unanimously agreed to carve up Germany. Roosevelt put forward a plan to divide Germany into five parts.
These five parts are Prussia, Hanover and Northwest Germany, Saxony and Leipzig, Hesse-darmstadt and Hesse-Kassel.
South Rhine, Bavaria, Baden and Wü rttemberg. He suggested that these five parts should each set up an independent country, Kiel Canal.
The region and Hamburg, Ruhr and Saar should also be separated from Germany and placed under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, so that the German Empire can no longer threaten Europe.
Peace in Europe and the world [2]. Churchill set out from the policy of maintaining the balance of power in Europe, and did not want to see a powerful German empire in Europe. male
It is suggested that Prussia should secede from Germany, and southern German states, including Bavaria, Baden, Wü rttemberg and palazzi Nath, should secede.
Austria, Hungary and other countries along the Danube River in Central Europe form the Danube Federation. Stalin believed that Churchill intended to fight for more territory for Britain,
And isolated the Soviet Union from Western Europe, thus isolating the Soviet Union and clearly expressing its opposition to Churchill's plan. He said that since he decided to split Germany, he should not.
Establish a new Federation; Hungary and Austria should be independent, and "a Danube Federation cannot exist" [③]. Stalin was cautious.
He did not put forward a specific division plan, but worried that Germany would fall completely under the control of the United States and Britain after being divided into several countries, which was unfavorable to the Soviet Union.
Therefore, it did not fully support Roosevelt's plan. The Tehran meeting failed to reach a consensus on how to divide Germany. February call 1945
At the Yalta meeting, the three countries still advocated the division of Germany in principle, and each continued to state the division of Germany similar to that proposed at the Tehran meeting.
Views. In order to enable the United States to control Central Europe and prevent Germany from making a comeback, Roosevelt advocated "decentralization" in Germany and still advocates splitting Germany.
Five or seven countries. Churchill was "afraid of the power of a unified Germany" [4] and still proposed to separate Prussia from Germany. Stalin
Considering the security of the Soviet Union, I hope to build a "strong Poland" in Europe. I also agree with the idea of splitting Germany and suggest that splitting Germany be included in nothingness.
Conditional surrender clause. However, at the end of the war, the Soviet Union gave up its plan to split Germany. How to deal with German territory will be
No final decision has been made. In this case, the Yalta Conference unanimously decided that Germany would be occupied by the armies of the three countries first, and agreed that France would also participate in the war against Germany.
Occupy. The meeting finally reached an agreement to divide Germany into four occupied areas: the Soviet Union occupied eastern Germany, Britain occupied northwestern Germany, and France occupied Germany.
In the west of this country, the United States occupied southwest Germany. Berlin was occupied by armies of various countries. The meeting decided to "set up a central control committee to implement mutual assistance.
Administrative management and supervision, the Committee is composed of the commanders-in-chief of the three countries and is located in Berlin. "[6] Held in July 1945.
At the Potsdam meeting, the heads of the three countries, proceeding from the interests of all countries, gave up the principle of agreeing to carve up Germany at the Yalta meeting. The United States and Britain believe that division
Germany might as well use occupation and control to benefit itself. The Soviet Union also holds the same view that splitting Germany is not necessarily beneficial to itself. In this way,
The heads of the three countries unanimously agreed to occupy and control Germany.
Although the summit of the three countries dealt with the occupation of the liberated countries by the armies of Germany, Poland, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union after the war, and drew a dividing line.
The purpose of reaching an agreement on classification is to continue to maintain the cooperation among the three major countries after the war by punishing the defeated countries and dividing their spheres of influence.
Protect world peace after the war. However, it is this arrangement and division of spheres of influence that led to the emergence of the post-war world bipolar pattern. This situation is in Germany
This is most obvious in the case of China. After the Yalta Conference, according to the resolution of the Yalta Conference, the armies of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France withdrew to their occupied areas.
. The occupation and control of Germany by the four countries actually divided their sphere of influence in Germany and laid a curse for the division of Germany.
two
Of course, the division and occupation of Germany does not necessarily mean that Germany will be divided. If the three countries continue to maintain wartime cooperation in dealing with the German issue
Policy, Germany's split situation may not appear. However, with the victory of the anti-fascist war, the wartime cooperation among the three major countries gradually split.
As a result, the conflict finally broke out, and the "Cold War" broke out between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the German issue became the focus of the "Cold War". The outbreak of the "Cold War" made Germany
China's partition and occupation pattern eventually led to the division of Germany. To explore why Germany split, we should first analyze how the United States and the Soviet Union moved from cooperation to confrontation.
Finally embarked on the road of "Cold War".
The reason why the United States and the Soviet Union moved from cooperation to confrontation is that with the victory of the anti-fascist war approaching, the foundation of the alliance among the three major powers-the enemy and France * * *.
The sith gradually disappeared, and the prominent military issues in wartime increasingly gave way to political issues. The social system and ideology of the United States and the Soviet Union are different only because
In World War II, the two sides formed an alliance under the threat of fascist aggression from Germany, Italy and Japan. After the victory of the anti-fascist war, the United States and the Soviet Union made great efforts in ideology and society.
The problem of institutional opposition has emerged. How to treat the defeated country and arrange the post-war world and equality issues are all based on their own interests.
Hair, put forward their own requirements and opinions, will inevitably produce friction and confrontation. Moreover, this kind of confrontation has also been carried out in the countries and places they occupied.
Area. Stalin once said to the leader of Yugoslav communist party in April 1945: "This war is different from previous wars. Whoever liberates this territory is the one who liberates it.
It is absolutely impossible for their troops to push their social system wherever they go. "〔⑦〕
The change from cooperation to confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union is not only due to the differences in social systems, but also because of the differences in strategic concepts between the United States and the Soviet Union after the war. The United States relied on World War II.
The expansion of China's economic and military strength has established the strategic goal of dominating the world and acting as a world leader. As early as 194 1 early in the year.
Henry Luce, the owner of Life magazine, threw out the article "American Century", claiming that "the 20th century is the century of America" and he wanted Americans.
Recognizing that "all leadership opportunities belong to us" and "our main goal" is to establish the dominant position of the United States in the world [8]. President of the United States
Roosevelt believed that World War II made it possible for the United States to become the number one country in politics, economy and military affairs like Britain after the Napoleonic Wars.
A powerful country, this is another great opportunity for the United States to realize its grand plan of leading the world for half a century. The Soviet Union suffered the trauma of war, and its economic and military strength
Far less than the United States, its first post-war task is to restore the national economy, enhance military strength and ensure national security. The Soviet Union supported the establishment of democracy in Eastern Europe.
On the one hand, of course, the party regime of the Soviet Union is to strengthen the socialist forces, on the other hand, it is more concerned with the security of the Soviet Union itself.
For example, the purpose of establishing a pro-Soviet Polish regime is to use Poland as a barrier to prevent western countries from invading the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union also wanted to control East Germany because
This purpose. When the strategic concept of the United States and the Soviet Union is put into practice, it is bound to collide. American rulers and their advisers, especially Truman and
His assistant believes that the Soviet Union is taking the opportunity to expand consumerism, which is a threat to the hegemonic strategy of the United States in the world and requires the Soviet Union to adopt a non-cooperative approach.
A difficult situation.
The transformation from cooperation to confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union was also related to Roosevelt's death and Truman's coming to power. According to Roosevelt's idea of post-war world peace arrangement, real
The strategy of the United States to dominate the world will still be realized through the policy of "great power cooperation." Stalin of the Soviet Union also repeatedly expressed his desire to continue cooperation. exist
In Roosevelt's view, the United States can only be realized by maintaining the cooperation of wartime allies, controlling the Soviet Union and Britain through cooperation, and making the United States act as the leader of cooperation.
The purpose of hegemony. To this end, Roosevelt and his advisers designed a blueprint for the post-war world based on the policy of "great power cooperation", such as the establishment of the United Nations.
The establishment of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and GATT are all part of this world blueprint. He tried to control these organizations through the United States.
Establish American world hegemony politically and economically through peaceful means. However, when Roosevelt's "world blueprint" has not yet been realized, he
He died shortly after the Yalta Conference. After Truman succeeded as president, he began to adjust his policy toward the Soviet Union greatly, which soon changed Ross.
After Fu carried out the policy of "great power cooperation", the contradiction between the United States and the Soviet Union became more and more serious. For example, on the composition of the Romanian government and the Polish interim government, the two sides
Attitude at both ends, sharp opposition; At the Potsdam meeting, the Big Three focused on how to deal with Germany, German compensation, Poland's border, Italy and
On the policy of fascist client countries, the quarrel is very fierce, far from the harmonious atmosphere of the previous two summits of the three countries. In order to realize beauty
China's global hegemonic strategy requires the United States to formulate tough policies to contain the Soviet Union and push the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union to the "cold war" track.
The United States quickly changed its cooperation policy with the Soviet Union. On the one hand, there is no denying that Truman and Roosevelt have differences in personal character and temperament.
To. Truman was full of lofty sentiments. After he came to power, German and Japanese fascists surrendered one after another, which seriously weakened Western European countries and the Soviet Union, while the United States held its original position.
Bullets, and therefore more arrogant. At the same time, on the other hand, the Soviet Union did not listen to the wishes of the United States and was at the mercy of the United States. American loan
The plot to lure the Soviet Union into the bait also failed. In the process of establishing the United Nations, the Soviet Union and the United States had fierce conflicts on some major issues.
And there are frequent quarrels. Although the Soviet Union participated in the Bretton Woods Conference, it refused to participate in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. show
However, in order to safeguard the interests of socialist countries, the Soviet Union does not want to be controlled by the United States and challenge the hegemony formed by the United States in Europe and other regions
A confrontational situation. Truman and his aides believe that the diplomatic strategy of the Soviet Union to safeguard the interests and security of socialist countries is to expand production in the Soviet Union.
Doctrine, and therefore regard the Soviet Union as the biggest obstacle for the United States to compete for world hegemony; In order to achieve the goal of world hegemony, the United States should regard the Soviet Union as an opponent rather than a partner.
We must use all kinds of confrontational forces, including aid, to adjust our relations with Western European allies and Germany and Japan and cultivate anti-Soviet forces in Europe and even the world.
Other areas contained the expansion of the Soviet Union. Based on this consideration, the Truman administration formulated measures to contain the Soviet Union and help its allies, and established various policies.
The offensive strategy of controlling military groups, focusing on Europe, and then dominating the world. The implementation of the "cold war" is the main way to contain the Soviet Union.
With the help of Churchill 1946' s "Iron Curtain" speech on the Soviet Union's attack on the threat of expansion in Fulton, USA, the United States sent a message to the Soviet Union.
"Cold War" signal. Later, Truman refused to oppose the Soviet Union and isolationism, and sent it to the US Congress on March 1947.
He made a speech, hyped the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union, and cast an anti-Soviet smoke screen. This speech was later called "Truman Doctrine". Subsequently, the United States once again
The Marshall Plan, also known as the European Recovery Plan, was thrown out. The plan will turn western Europe into a dumping ground for American goods and capital by conditionally assisting western Europe.
This exporting place, in the name of "reviving Europe", used the crisis in Western Europe to "transfuse blood" to the struggling western European economy in order to control Western Europe and contain the Soviet Union.
The purpose of the union. "Truman Doctrine" and "Marshall Plan" formed the basis of American foreign expansion policy and containment of the Soviet Union.
three
The strategic focus of the United States to contain the Soviet Union is Europe, and the focus of "reviving Europe" is West Germany. The US Congress is considering the "European Renaissance Plan"
When proposing the motion, one representative pointedly pointed out that the motion was entirely caused by the desire to revive Germany; Michigan Rep. George Sado
"Without Germany, there would be no European revival plan" [9]. Reviving Germany means that the United States has changed its control over Germany.
Policy, following the "Morgenthau Plan" that made Germany an agricultural country, is an important content and turning point in foreign policy, and it is also the "Truman Initiative".
The concrete implementation of "righteousness" Truman pointed out: "We intend to make Germany grow into a decent country and occupy a place in the civilized world."
. "〔⑩〕
In order to revive Germany economically, the United States first destroyed the German compensation principle determined by the three-nation summit and stopped the Soviet Union's due in the American-occupied area.
Compensation. 1On May 3, 946, the American representative of the Allied Control Committee, General Clay, announced: "Except for the factories that have been paid in advance as compensation.
In addition, the American occupation area will no longer provide compensation. (1) (1) this provision makes the Soviet Union's claim for compensation for the western occupied areas not fully realized, thus
The issue of compensation led to the first conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union in its policy toward Germany, and it was also the beginning of the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union. The second is hard work.
Unify the economy of the occupied areas in the west. 1On July 20th, 946, the United States and Britain decided to merge the two occupied areas, which was formally put forward by the American representative in the Allied Control Committee.
Put forward the proposal of merging the occupied areas. 1947 65438+ 10 1 day, the United States and Britain formally merged the occupied areas of the two countries and signed the German-American Occupied Area and the British Occupied Area Economy.
The merger agreement, according to which the administrative control institution of the dual occupation area was established. On May 29th, the United States and Britain signed the Agreement on Restructuring the Economic Institutions in the Dual Occupation Area.
According to the agreement, a "joint economic zone" is established, as well as an economic Committee, an executive Committee and an administrative department. There is a discussion in the Economic Committee.
Will play a role and have certain legislative power. 1948 In February, France agreed to merge the occupied areas and * * * established the "three occupied areas". Stop the American occupation
The compensation paid by the Soviet Union and the merger of the three western occupied areas marked that the United States changed its policy of cooperative relations with the Soviet Union, implemented the "Cold War" and led to Germany.
An important step in division.
In view of the American plan to revive West Germany, Molotov of the Soviet Union also proposed "reviving Germany" at the Paris Foreign Ministers' Meeting in July 1946.
The slogan emphasizes the need to transform Germany into a democratic and peace-loving country. Contrary to the "economic unification" of the United States, the Soviet Union proposed to implement it first.
Political reunification ",the establishment of the German central government. 1On February 25th, 947, the military representative of the Soviet-occupied area made a speech against the western-occupied area.
Ming pointed out that the merger of the occupied areas of the United States and Britain is "not only economic in nature, but also political in nature", and that "the agreement on dual occupied areas may have an impact on Germany's future politics".
There are serious consequences "[① ②].
Since 1947, the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union has intensified. From March 10 to March 24, the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union were held in Moscow.
The foreign ministers' meeting discussed the German issue in an all-round way, and the central topic was Germany's political unity and system. Molotov of the Soviet Union believes that "Germany should become a
A unified peace-loving country-the Democratic Republic of the German Parliament and the German government "(① ③), it is suggested to establish in Berlin.
China's provisional central government will first realize German political reunification. George marshall of the United States insisted on the principle of separation of powers and proposed to implement and strengthen federalism.
Adjusting Germany's "economic unity" is the basis for the establishment of the German government. Molotov accused the dual occupation of violating the principle of "economic unity" in Germany. In fact,
Led to the division of Germany. Due to the sharp opposition between the two sides in dealing with Germany politically and economically, no agreement was reached on the issue of German reunification.
Because the military control institutions of the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union in their respective occupied areas are the highest authorities in the occupied areas and are only responsible to their own governments, therefore,
Give priority to domestic policies. The United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union have different social systems and implement different political systems and ideologies in their respective occupied areas.
Countries and values. Although the Allied Control Committee stipulated that issues involving the whole of Germany should be studied and dealt with by the four countries, the actual situation was often different.
Manage your own affairs. The policy against Germany unanimously adopted by the summit of the three countries and the resolution adopted by the Allied Control Committee are all based on their respective policies and
Interests, make a favorable explanation, and gradually formed two different economic and political entities in their respective occupied areas, and embarked on different.
This road eventually led to the division of Germany.
1948 Since February, six western countries, including the United States, Britain and France, have held a foreign ministers' meeting in London, which is known in history as the "London Six Foreign Ministers' Meeting". Meeting planning
Establish a West German country and begin to explore the political structure of the West German country? (1) (4)] and hope that the occupying authorities of the three countries will convene a meeting of the prime ministers of the western occupied countries as soon as possible.
Authorize them to convene a constitutional convention and formulate a constitution. In response to the western offensive led by the United States, the Soviet Union also took countermeasures. 65438+February 0948
The Soviet Union prohibited western representatives from going to the Soviet area in Berlin to participate in German political gatherings. In protest against the reorganization of the dual-occupation economic Committee by the United States and Britain, the Soviet Union stationed troops
On February 23, an order was issued announcing the reorganization of the Soviet-occupied economic commission. The newly reorganized Economic Committee is led by an important member of the German Unified Socialist Party.
It is the highest legislative, administrative and executive organ in the occupied areas of Suzhou. On March 20, the representative of the Soviet Union asked to know all about the London meeting of the six countries of the Allied Control Committee.
After the agreement was rejected, it immediately accused the western countries of obstructing the control work of the four countries and announced their withdrawal from the control Committee, thus ending the control institutions of the four countries.
. Subsequently, the western occupied area and the eastern occupied area carried out their own monetary reforms, and there was a conflict on the issue of monetary reform.
Since the currency reform was carried out in the occupied western areas, the economic ties with the Soviet area have been cut off. The Soviet Union believes that the economic policies implemented in the western occupied areas violated
The Potsdam Agreement was an important step to split Germany. As a protest, the Soviet government issued a statement announcing: "Great Berlin is in the Soviet-occupied area.
Economically, as a part of the Soviet-occupied area ",in order to" protect the residents of the Soviet-occupied area and the economic interests of the region, and prevent the currency circulation in the Soviet-occupied area from being destroyed ",it was decided that
Decided to implement "traffic control" on the roads of western countries entering Berlin. The Soviet Union cut off the land and water traffic between West Berlin and West Germany,
Stop supplying coal and electricity to Berlin. The purpose of the Soviet blockade was to drive three western countries out of Berlin. General Clay issued an order: "We will not leave."
Berlin, we will stick to Berlin. Although we don't know how to solve the current problems, I believe that the American people will not let the German people starve.
In the face of the Soviet blockade, the United States and Britain also took anti-blockade measures against Soviet-occupied areas in trade. The Berlin blockade incident "led" to the first cypress tree.
With the occurrence of the forest crisis, the two sides were at daggers drawn and the "Cold War" suddenly escalated. Since then, the "cold war" has been going on endlessly in Germany, and Berlin has become.
The focus of the conflict between Germany and Europe and the world has become the "cold war" confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union after the war, the hegemony struggle between Europe and the world and the Yalta pattern.
An important symbol of the formation.
Although the "First Berlin Crisis" was finally resolved through diplomatic negotiations, the division between Germany and Berlin is irreversible. In the "Berlin crisis"
During the "machine" period, the western and eastern occupied areas stepped up their efforts to support their own political forces to establish West Germany and East Germany.
1948, 1 In July, 2007, the military leaders of the three western countries called the prime ministers of the western occupied areas 1 1 to hold a meeting in Frankfurt to discuss the establishment of a West German country.
Matters, distributed to the participants "statement on the constitutional decision", "statement on the power of military officers after the entry into force of the constitution", "on the reorganization of the state legislature
Statement and other three documents. These documents clarify the basic ideas about the future development of the occupied areas in the west, and stipulate the future state institutions and their terms of reference in West Germany.
Set the basic policy "(1 7). People call these three Frankfurt documents "the birth certificate of the Federal Republic" [① ⑧]. It's just a meeting.
The specific problems of establishing a country in West Germany are discussed. State governors are extremely cautious about establishing a German country in the West and are worried about this.
An action will lead to the permanent division of Germany. However, they cannot go against the will of the occupier. They think it is necessary to "try to avoid giving nationality".
The organization to be established [① ⑨] does not agree to convene a national assembly directly elected by the whole people, and does not agree to hand over the adopted constitution to a referendum.
Ticket approval. After consultation with the occupation authorities, a compromise was finally reached, and the soon-to-be-established West German country became a temporary country, and its constitution was changed to the Basic Law.
Instead of holding a national conference, people agreed to set up a parliamentary committee with representatives elected by the state legislature. The adopted resolution will not be submitted to a referendum, but it must be submitted.
Approved by the state legislature. Subsequently, under the planning of the western occupation authorities, a parliamentary body, the West German Parliamentary Committee, was established, and the Constitution was formulated and passed.
The Basic Law. 1949 On September 20th, the Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed. While the western occupied area is preparing to establish a West German country, the Soviet occupied area also
Actively prepare for the establishment of East Germany. 1948 in March, the "German People's Committee" was established in Suzhan District as a temporary permanent representative office. 1949
In May 2006, the newly established German People's Committee adopted the Constitution of the German Democratic Republic. Preface to this Constitution and the Basic Law of West Germany 1
Sample, clear requirements to become an example for Germany, don't want Germany to split forever. Article 1 of the Constitution clearly stipulates: "Germany is an inalienable country."
. 65438 10 7, the Provisional People's House announced the establishment of the German Democratic Republic.
From then on, it split into two countries on the land of Germany. "The establishment of two Germans is not the will of the German people, but the intention of the occupying Power first.
Pool. "(2) attending the western allies and the Soviet Union want to" can't put the whole Germany into their sphere of influence, at least make sure they have occupied it.
Part, to strengthen their national defense strength, economic system and potential strength, to weaken each other "[② ①]. The division of Germany is the will of the great powers.
The result imposed on the German people is entirely the product of the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Precautions:
① ② Participation ② ① Dieter Rafe: German History (Dieter Raff, Deutsche Geschichte, Vom Alten Reich)
Zur Zweiten Republik), Munich 1985, pp. 239, 345 and 345.
(2) Sherwood: Roosevelt and Hopkins, Volume II, Chinese translation of The Commercial Press 1980, p. 443rd.
(3) Churchill: Memoirs of the Second World War, Volume 5, Chinese translation by the Commercial Press, 1975, p. 6 13.
(4) Churchill, quoted from edman's German History, Volume 4, Volume 6, Commercial Press, 1986 Chinese translation, page 1 16.
(5) Karl lemerre (editor. ): A survey of Germany in the Federal Republic of Germany, Lexikothek Publishing House, 1980, p. 43.
6. Sanakoev et al. : Collection of Conference Documents of Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam, translated by Sanlian Bookstore 1978, p. 244.
⑦ Quoted from Walter Loughbe: America, Russia and the Cold War (1945- 1990), new york, 199 1 Edition, p. 13.
⑧ Quoted from World History after World War II (1), Shanghai People's Publishing House (1975), p. 453.
⑨ M. Bekowitz et al.: The Political Background of American Foreign Policy, Chinese translation, Commercial Press, 1979, p. 4 1.
Attending Charles M, Jr.: The Potsdam Conference, Chinese translation of Joint Publishing Company 1978, p. 19.
① ① lucius clay: Decision on Germany, greenwald Publishing House, 1970, p. 122.
① ② von Auburn: Documents on the Occupation of Germany (1945- 1954), London, 1955, page 21-212.
① ③ Molotov: Foreign Policy Issues, Chinese translation, p. 348.
14 16 Jon H. Barker: General Clay's German Years-The Road to Federal Germany, 1945- 1949 (Jo
Hn H.Backer, German Supreme Court, Federal Court, 1945— 1949),
Munich 1983, pages 255 and 274.
① ⑤ Ferdi Nande Madai: The Evolution of the Berlin Problem, Berlin, 1972, p. 35.
Konrad Adenauer: Memoirs of Adenauer (vol. 1), Shanghai Translation Publishing House, 1973, p. 156.
① ⑧ J.K Sodan: The German Problem (1945-1973), London, 1975, p. 26.
Koppel S. Pinson: Modern German History (Volume II), Chinese translation by Commercial Press 1987, p. 740.