1. The Austro-Hungarian Empire ceased to exist and split into Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

2. The German Empire ceased to exist, Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France, and a large amount of land in the east was owned by Poland;

3. Tsarist Russia ceased to exist, the area of Russia was reduced, and Poland and Finland were restored to the motherland;

4. Ottoman Turkey ceased to exist, and a lot of land in the west was allocated to Greece.

Reason:

1, the Allies were defeated, and Germany, Austria and Turkey were divided up by the Allies to varying degrees;

2. The February Revolution and the October Revolution broke out in Russia, Russia perished, the Soviet Union fell into civil war, and Finland and Poland took the opportunity to restore the country;

3. The rise of the national liberation movement in Eastern Europe.

Extended data

War background

Three pairs of contradictions

65438+At the end of 2009 and the beginning of 1920s, under the influence of the unbalanced development of capitalist economy and politics, imperialist countries launched a fierce struggle for world hegemony and colonies. The contradictions among European powers are complicated, but there are three basic contradictions, namely, the contradiction between France and Germany, the contradiction between Russia and Austria and the contradiction between Britain and Germany.

Franco-German contradiction

The contradiction between France and Germany is very sharp. France, defeated in the Franco-Prussian War, lost its original hegemony in Western and Central Europe, and all walks of life in China unanimously demanded revenge. In order to prevent France from making a comeback, Germany greatly expanded its armaments.

Russia-Austria contradiction

The contradiction between Russia and Austria is manifested in the struggle for the Balkans. Over the years, Russia, under the banner of Slavism, has expanded to the Yugoslav-populated areas in the Balkans, and Austria-Hungary, a political union country in Central Europe, has also expanded to the northwest of the Balkans, fearing that the Yugoslavs under its rule will become independent from Austria-Hungary.

Contradiction between Britain and Germany

Starting from the traditional foreign policy, Britain strives to maintain the balance of power on the European continent, and neither wants Germany to be too strong nor wants to see Russia's power expand excessively in the Balkans. With the intensification of the conflict on the colonial issue, the contradiction between Britain and Germany began to intensify and gradually became the main contradiction between imperialist countries.

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