During the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China, the Northern Wei Dynasty was founded by the Tuoba people of Xianbei. 148 enjoy the country and pass on the 20 th emperor. The Northern Wei Dynasty rose in the chaotic Sixteen Countries Period, and the founding of the country was not smooth sailing. Tuoba GUI, the founding emperor, also experienced the rough experience of subjugation and capture, but he took the opportunity to restore the country after the defeat of the former Qin Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty completed the unification of the northern country during the period of Emperor Tuoba Tao, and formed a confrontation between the northern and southern dynasties. As the saying goes, happiness in the world is the same, but unfortunate people are unhappy in their own way. This sentence also applies to the Northern Wei Dynasty. The demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty was not caused by the demise of the North itself. Although it was not as tragic as the death of Southern Yan, the Murong clan, including Murong Chao, was slaughtered at the same time, which led to the death of the country. However, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, more than 2,000 kings, including Hu Taihou, young emperors Yuan Zhao, Yuan Yong, Qin Yuan, Yuan lue and Yuan Shao, were slaughtered and abandoned in the Yellow River. After the change of Yin He, the Northern Wei Dynasty went from bad to worse. Under the influence of Yu Wentai and Gao Huan, it split into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei, and the Northern Wei perished.

Although the Northern Wei Dynasty was only 148 years old, it was roughly equivalent to half of the unified dynasty. However, the unified dynasty inherited the Northern Wei Dynasty from prosperity to decline, but class contradictions and internal struggles intensified rapidly, accelerating the demise of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Although Emperor Xiaowen of Wei once adopted reforms to ease class contradictions, the contradictions that had been eased in the late Wei, Xuan Wudi and Yuan Ke periods accelerated and intensified, and the Northern Wei Dynasty already had the atmosphere of national subjugation.

During the subjugation of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Yuan Ke and Xu played a catalytic role. Wei, Yuan Ke are very much like the Qianlong emperor of the Qing Dynasty, who was wise in the early stage and groggy in the later stage. In the later period of Emperor Wei Xuanwu, the Northern Wei Dynasty accelerated to slide into the abyss. After his death 13 years, Erzhurong slaughtered the emperor and the royal family. The princes of the Northern Wei Dynasty were massacred in large numbers, and in a trance, people saw the shadow of Dong Zhuo, the powerful minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, slaughtering his ministers hundreds of years ago.

The reform of Emperor Xiaowen left a fatal hidden danger.

By the time Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the class contradiction was already very sharp. In addition, the deep-rooted Xianbei traditional clan forces in Pingcheng, the capital, also greatly restricted the imperial power. In addition, the city of peace is located in the north relative to the territory, which is not conducive to imperial rule. Therefore, Emperor Xiaowen made up his mind to carry out a thorough sinicization reform, including moving the capital. Emperor Xiaowen's reform played an obvious role, which not only eased the sharp class contradictions, but also greatly consolidated the empire's rule in the Yellow River basin.

Everything has two sides. Moving the capital to Luoyang not only created a large number of new Xianbei nobles, but also harmed the interests of the traditional Xianbei nobles who stayed in the old capital. The southward movement of the imperial political center will inevitably lead to the inclination of economic and interest distribution, which will lead to the confrontation or even rupture between the Xianbei nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the North and South. How fierce was the internal struggle among Xianbei nobles at that time? Yuan Xun, the prince of Emperor Xiaowen, yearned for the Xianbei old customs of Pingcheng, always wanted to escape from Luoyang and return to his old capital, and was finally given the crime of death. Emperor Xiaowen died young before he could formulate mitigation measures, and the interests led to the increasingly serious division of Xianbei nobles between the north and the south, which laid a hidden danger for the Six Towns Uprising 20 years later.

In the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuan Ke, the emperor of Wei Xuanwu, who was similar to Qianlong, was first bright and then dark, and the imperial crisis suddenly appeared.

After Emperor Xiaowen's eldest son was given the crime of death, his second son Yuan Ke became a prince. After Wei Xuanwu succeeded to the throne, Yuan Ke followed the reform model of Emperor Xiaowen, consolidated the reform measures of sinicization, and expanded the imperial capital Luoyang. It can be seen that Wei, Yuan Ke are a promising reform monarch. After sixteen years in power, China's strength has been further enhanced. Wei, Yuan Ke, Ming Dynasty was as prosperous as Qing Dynasty, and the Northern Wei Dynasty began to decline in the last years of Wei Dynasty. Wei, Yuan Ke consolidated reforms in the early stage, and constantly attacked Nanliang State while maintaining national strength. From Yizhou in the west to Yangzhou in the east, a large area of land on the border of the Northern and Southern Dynasties was occupied by the Northern Wei Dynasty. As shown in the red circle below: At the same time, the Northern Wei Dynasty was soft and its national strength reached its peak.

However, in their later years, Emperor Wei Xuanwu and Yuan Ke gradually lost their senses and were indifferent to the corruption of the imperial clan prince. Wang Yuanxi of Xianyang annexed land and set foot in the production of salt and iron prohibited by the state; Wang Yuan in Beihai sold officials and titles as a means to collect money. The degree of corruption is exactly the same as that in the last years of Qianlong, and the Northern Wei Dynasty is in danger of slipping into the abyss. Generally speaking, Wei, Yuan Ke made three major mistakes: First, they failed to formulate policies to appease the traditional Xianbei forces in the north in time and failed to eliminate the confrontation between the northern and southern Xianbei aristocratic forces. Second, give up the old custom that the son of Xianbei died with your mother, and don't grant Hu Huanghou the death penalty after the establishment of Prince Xu Yuan. This made Xiao Wei, Ming Di and Xu Yuan unable to lead the country after his succession, and Hu Taihou's rule in Korea became the source of disaster. Third, the corruption of imperial clan and officials, the selling of officials and titles has not been effectively stopped, and domestic uprisings have broken out one after another.

Xiao Wei, Ming Di, Xu Yuan and Hu Taihou fought for power and profit, and Erzhurong's entry into Beijing triggered a great change in the river and the shade, marking the decline of the Northern Wei Empire.

After the abolition of the death penalty system for your son and your mother, it really brought disaster to the Northern Wei Dynasty. When Wei Xuanwu was emperor, Xu succeeded to the throne at the age of six, but he did not take power. State power is in the hands, and he is in power near North Korea (promoted to empress dowager). Hu Huanghou has no ability to govern the country by nepotism. The national strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty was weak, bureaucratic corruption and class contradictions increased sharply. The gentle invasion caused refugees everywhere in six northern towns, and the Northern Wei court headed by Hu Taihou had no systematic means of disaster relief. This led to the Six Towns Uprising, which was finally suppressed, but the Northern Wei Dynasty struggled to capsize like a leaky boat.

Xu Yuan, an adult emperor of Xiaoming, gradually became dissatisfied with his mother's control of state affairs and plotted to contact Er Zhurong, a warlord of Jinyang, to serve in Beijing. Unfortunately, it came to light that Emperor Xiaoming was killed by his mother, Empress Hu. Hu Taihou established a 3-year-old emperor as the emperor, but the ambitious Er Zhurong colluded inside and outside to attack Luoyang on the pretext of revenging Emperor Xiaoming. Yuanziyou was made emperor, known as Emperor Xiao Zhuang in history. Hu Taihou and the 3-year-old emperor Yuan Zhao were forced to leave the capital and were killed when they went to Yin He. Later, under the pretext of offering sacrifices to heaven, Er Zhurong tricked the officials of civil and military officials into being slaughtered after Yin, and the imperial clan officials were slaughtered by the army and thrown into the Yellow River.

The tragic change of the river shade made the officials and the royal family in the Northern Wei Dynasty disappear in a large area, which seriously shook the ruling foundation of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Not only Luoyang officials fled, but also the royal families of the southern States of the Northern Wei Dynasty surrendered to Nanliang. The territory of Russia gained by Wei, Yuan Ke after arduous battles was in danger of losing control, and the defense of the Northern Wei Dynasty against the Southern Dynasty almost completely collapsed. Liang launched a large-scale counterattack, and the weak Northern Wei Empire entered the countdown.