Forbidden City, Great Wall, Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site, Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Ming Tombs, Shichahai, Yuanmingyuan, Lugou Bridge, Mutianyu Great Wall, Simatai Great Wall, Jinshanling Great Wall, Juyongguan Great Wall, Jiankou Great Wall, Gongwangfu Garden, Peking University, Hutong, Beijing Zoo, Beijing Botanical Garden, Panjiayuan Antique Market, Ancient Observatory, Deshengmen and Zhengyangmen. Sugar-coated haws: Delicious handed down from the Song Dynasty 800 years ago, it is a national historical and cultural city with a history of thousands of years. Beijing was the capital of five dynasties in history. During the 800 years since the Jin Dynasty, many magnificent palace buildings have been built, making Beijing the city with the largest number of royal palaces, gardens, temples and mausoleums in China. Among them, the Forbidden City in Beijing, also known as the Forbidden City, was originally a palace in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where 24 emperors lived. The magnificent building perfectly embodies the traditional classical style and oriental style of China. It is the largest existing palace in China and even the whole world, and it is a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The Temple of Heaven is famous at home and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite architecture. It is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties "worship heaven" and "pray for the valley". It is the largest existing ancient sacrificial building complex in China and a precious heritage of world architectural art. The Summer Palace is a famous tourist attraction in Beijing. Yuanmingyuan is the most famous imperial garden in China. It enjoys a high reputation in the history of Chinese and foreign gardens and has high artistic value. Known as the "Garden of Ten Thousand Gardens". The Ming Tombs are the largest imperial tombs in Beijing, with 13 Ming Tombs, especially the Ming Tombs excavated in modern times, which are huge and spectacular. There are religious temples everywhere in Beijing. The existing famous temples are Fayuan Temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju Temple and Badachu Temple. Taoist Baiyun temple, etc. Islam, niujie Worship Temple, etc. The Lama Temple of Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), the Catholic Church of Forty Stores, the Catholic Church of Wangfujing, etc. Christian Gangwa Church, Chongwenmen Church, etc. Eight Views of Yanjing Eight Views of Yanjing refer to the eight old landscapes in Beijing, including Jimen Smoky Tree (West Tucheng), Lugou Xiaoyue (Lugou Bridge), Jintai Zhao Xi (Jintai Road), Qiongdao Chunyin (Beihai Park), Juyong Diecui (Badaling), Taiyou Qiufeng (Zhongnanhai), Yuquan Tu Tu (Yuquan Mountain) and Xishan Qing Xue (Xishan Qing Xue). The Eight Scenes in Beijing were first mentioned in the ancient book Ming Chang Yi in the Jin Dynasty. Later, the Eight Scenes of Yanjing were mentioned in local chronicles such as Wanbu Miscellanies (Ming) and Chronicle of Chen Yuan (Qing). The early Eight Scenes are slightly different from the old age. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong personally presided over the revision of the Eight Scenes of Yanjing and ordered the monument to be built for the Eight Scenes of Yanjing. Peking Opera Peking Opera is the quintessence of China and is deeply loved by the people of Beijing. Walking on the streets of Beijing, you can often hear cadence jokes coming from the roadside. The origin of Beijing Opera can be traced back to several ancient local dramas. 1790, the four major local operas in Anhui-Sanqing, Sixi, Chungong and Chunchun-were performed in Beijing and achieved unprecedented success. Huiban often cooperates with artists in Hubei, so a new kind of drama was born, which is based on the Hui tune "Huang Er" and the Han tune "Xipi" and combines the essence of local dramas such as Kunqu Opera, Shaanxi Opera and Bangzi. This is Beijing Opera. In the course of 200 years' development, Beijing opera is more and more like Beijing in lyrics, intonation and rhythm. The erhu, Jinghu and other musical instruments used also integrate the characteristics of many ethnic groups and eventually become a mature art. Beijing opera is an art that combines singing, dancing, martial arts, music, art and literature. It is similar to western opera, so it is called "Beijing Opera" by westerners. In addition to Beijing opera, Beijing also has double reed, cross talk, storytelling, rhyme and drum, etc., all of which are national quintessence. Hutong Hutong is one of the most distinctive houses in Beijing, which originated in the Yuan Dynasty. The word "Hutong" means "small street" in Mongolian. There are more than 7,000 hutongs scattered all over Beijing, and each hutong has an anecdote. The names of hutongs are varied, and some are named after characters, such as Wen Prime Minister Hutong; Some are named after markets and commodities, such as Goldfish Hutong; Some of them are named in Beijing dialect, such as Huluguan Hutong. After investigation, the oldest hutong in Beijing is Sanmiao Street, which has a history of more than 900 years. The longest hutong is the east-west Jiao Min Lane, with a total length of 6.5 miles. The shortest hutong is no more than ten meters long; The narrowest alley is Qianshi Hutong in Dashilan area of Qianmen, which is only 0.7 meters wide. Nanluoguxiang, located in Dongcheng District, has now become one of the eight characteristic commercial streets in Beijing, with many foreign friends. The Ming and Qing style buildings and various bars on both sides of hutong add a lot of color to Beijing. Siheyuan Siheyuan is a courtyard surrounded by houses in the southeast and northwest, and the outer wall of the courtyard forms the side wall of the hutong. The north room in the hospital is the main room, and the east and west sides are wing rooms. Apart from the gate, there are no windows or passages connected with the hutong. Siheyuan, a traditional residence in old Beijing, is quiet and closed. The former residences and palaces of celebrities scattered in urban areas are generally more authentic quadrangles, such as Gongwangfu in Qianhai West Street. In recent years, there are more and more high-rise buildings in Beijing, but few quadrangles. Now there are only two relatively complete quadrangles in the Second Ring Road. The central axis of Beijing is to point out and clarify the central axis of Beijing. Beijing's urban planning is characterized by symmetry around Miyagi. The central axis of Beijing starts from Yongdingmen in the south and ends at the Bell and Drum Tower in the north, with a length of about 7.8 kilometers. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Arrow Tower, Zhengyangmen, Zhonghua Gate, Tiananmen Gate, Duanmen, Wumen Gate, Forbidden City, Shenwumen, Jingshan, Di 'anmen, Houmenqiao, Drum Tower and Bell Tower. From Yongdingmen, the southern end of this central axis, there are the Temple of Heaven and the Xiannongtan. Ancestral temples and social altars; Donghuamen and Xihuamen; Andingmen and Deshengmen are symmetrically distributed with the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous architect in China, once said: "The unique grand order of Beijing is produced by the establishment of this central axis." After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Yongdingmen Gate, Zhonghua Gate and Di 'anmen Gate were all demolished, and Yongdingmen Gate Tower was rebuilt in recent years. Beijing City Wall is the general name of the defensive buildings in the capitals of Ming and Qing Dynasties in China history. It consists of Miyagi, Imperial City, Inner City and Outer City, including city walls, gates, urns, watchtowers, enemy platforms, moats and many other facilities. It was once the most complete ancient city defense system in China. Beijing city gate is the general name of Beijing city gate in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the different grades and building specifications, it is divided into four categories: Gongchengmen, Huangchengmen, Inner Chengmen and Outer Chengmen. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were four gates of Miyagi (called six), four gates of Imperial City (called six or seven), nine gates of inner city and seven gates of outer city in Beijing. There is a folk saying that there are nine doors inside and seven doors outside. After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Beijing was gradually demolished. Except for Miyagi, only Tiananmen Square was retained, and only Zhengyangmen, Deshengmen archway, Southeast Corner and Chongwenmen were left in the inner city. All the outer cities were destroyed and only Yongdingmen was rebuilt.