/kloc-In the 20th century, China became the third Asian country to build railways after Japan and India. 1875, Britain laid the Wusong railway with a length of14.5km in Shanghai, becoming the first railway in China.
Reflections on "learning from foreigners and improving their skills in dealing with foreigners"
188 1 year, Qing government officials who wanted to influence the Westernization School built the first government-run railway advocated by the Qing government-Tang Xu Railway. The first train in China was built by the wife of the chief engineer of Tang Xu Railway at that time after imitating the famous British steam locomotive "Rocket" and named it "China Rocket". Because China workers carved a dragon on each side of the locomotive, they called it "Dragon" locomotive.
2. Build railways independently.
After Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion, the voice of safeguarding rights and building railways became louder and louder. Finally, the Qing government decided to build the first railway designed and built by China people themselves-Jing-Zhang Railway. This railway was designed and built by Zhan Tianyou, an expert in railway engineering.
19 12, the Republic of China was proclaimed. Sun Yat-sen, the temporary president of the Republic of China, put forward a grand and comprehensive railway construction plan, and designed three main trunk lines connecting the whole country, with a total length of 200 thousand kilometers. In the "fourth plan" of industrial planning, Sun Yat-sen further elaborated and designed five railway trunk lines running through the country, which were subdivided into the expansion of central railway system, southeast railway system and northwest railway system.
3. Railway development in the Republic of China.
During the Republic of China, the development of China railway was tortuous. The Middle East Railway was originally built by Russia in the northeast of China. This railway was originally controlled by Russia. 1922 after the founding of the Soviet union, it was changed to be jointly managed by China and the Soviet union. 1929 Zhang Xueliang tried to recover the Middle East Railway by force, and the Northeast Army lost to the Soviet Red Army. In 1930s, after the Japanese invaded the northeast of China, the Soviet Union sold the railway to Manchukuo. After 1945, the Soviet Union regained control and handed it over to the government of China after liberation.
Due to frequent wars and the influence of external forces during the Republic of China, the development of China railway was slow during this period.
4. Railway development after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
In the early 1950s, the new China government decided to fill the gap in the western railway and began to build the chengdu-chongqing railway from Chengdu to Chongqing. /kloc-0 started construction in June, 1950, and/kloc-0 was opened to traffic in June, 1952, becoming the first railway built after liberation.
Baoji-chengdu railway is the first electrified railway in China. July 1952 started in Chengdu, July 1958 was completed and opened to traffic, and July 1975 completed the railway electrification project.
Longhai Railway is a main railway line from Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China to Lanzhou, Gansu, and an important part of the new Eurasian Continental Bridge from Lianyungang, China in the Pacific Ocean to Rotterdam, the Netherlands in the Atlantic Ocean. Longhai Railway started construction on 1905. After more than 40 years of subsection construction, the whole line was connected to 1952. At present, it has a total length of 1759 km, and is a Class I double-track electrified line.
Daqin Railway was built in 1985- 1997, which is the only dedicated railway for coal transportation in China and the first heavy-haul unit railway in China.
The Beijing-Kowloon Railway, also known as the Beijing-Kowloon Line, is a railway from Beijing to Shenzhen, Guangdong. Various sections of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway started construction on 1994, and the Beijing-Kowloon Railway was opened ahead of schedule on 1 September 19961day.
In June 2003, 65438+1October, 65438+February, Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Railway was officially put into operation as the first passenger dedicated line in China. The railway has a design speed of 200 kilometers per hour and a top speed of 300 kilometers per hour.
On April 27th, 2006, Shanghai Maglev ended its two-year trial operation and officially put into operation. This is the world's first demonstration line of maglev train put into commercial operation, with a total length of 29.863 kilometers.
Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a railway from Xining City, Qinghai Province to Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1956 km. It is the plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. China has overcome the worldwide problem of permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during its construction, and it was successfully opened to traffic on July 1 2006.
In 2008, China had the first high-speed railway with a speed of over 300 kilometers per hour-the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway.
In 2009, the Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line, the longest running high-speed railway in the world, was completed. On June 30th, 20 1 1, beijing-shanghai railway started its official operation.
Since 1997, China Railway has experienced six speed increases. With the rapid development of high-speed railway, the train speed has been greatly improved. On July 1 day, 2009, the Yongzhou-Yulin section of Luozhan Railway was officially opened, marking the realization of the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" railway network in China. By the end of 20 16, the operating mileage of China railway reached124,000 km, of which the operating mileage of high-speed rail exceeded 22,000 km, accounting for more than 60% of the global operating mileage of high-speed rail.
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In 20 15, the national railway fixed assets investment was 823.8 billion yuan, and 953 1 km of new lines were put into operation, including 3306 km of high-speed railways. Sheng Guangzu, general manager of China Railway Corporation, said that during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the national railway fixed assets investment was 3.58 trillion yuan, and the new line was put into operation for 30,500 kilometers, up by 47.3% and 109% respectively compared with the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, which was five years after the investment was completed and the new line was put into operation. By the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the national railway operating mileage reached 12 10000 km, of which the high-speed rail operating mileage exceeded 19000 km, ranking first in the world.
2065438+In mid-May 2006, the railway department plans to comprehensively adjust and optimize the train diagram. While giving full play to the advantages of high-speed rail and improving its coverage, a large number of ordinary-speed trains will be opened between small and medium-sized cities, central and western regions and remote areas, and more convenient and fast passenger transport products will be launched, further increasing the effective supply of railway passenger transport in small and medium-sized cities and central and western regions and facilitating people to travel along the line.
With the large-scale operation of high-speed railway, the security problems around it have become increasingly prominent. The railway perimeter intrusion intelligent tracking and comprehensive detection system based on multi-spectrum comprehensively applies infrared thermal imaging, low-illumination high-definition visible light camera, computer vision, artificial intelligence, high-speed embedded computing and other technologies to realize all-weather and all-day stable monitoring of railway perimeter intrusion.
After the system detects the intrusion target, it can automatically upload and track the intrusion target, and keep valuable video materials for subsequent disposal. The system has the advantages of adapting to various climatic environments, wide application range and flexible deployment. The final test and practical verification show that the system has good performance.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-China Railway