During the Zhou Dynasty, China began to adopt the under-skirt coat system. Both men and women wear two clothes under their coats. The etiquette requirements are also quite strict. North Korea has officials in charge of making dresses, and civil and military officials must wear dresses when doing ceremonies. At that time, the use of clothing was relatively standardized and the clothing system was relatively complete. The word "new" appears in Zhou Li and Li Ji, which reflects the etiquette of Zhou Dynasty. The word "new" is a knot that is tied together, that is, a heart knot. According to my collection of Western Zhou bronze buttons and domestic archaeological discoveries, buttons were used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Among the Warring States cultural relics unearthed in Shizhai Mountain, Jinning, Yunnan, buttons with round, oval, animal head and irregular shapes have been made of blue, apple green and light gray turquoise. Each has one or two small holes. Some carved patterns are unique, colorful and have wonderful wax luster. There are also simple buttons made of small stones, shells, animal horns, walnuts and coconut shells in the button collection. It can be seen that in the Western Zhou Dynasty, China people already used buttons.
/kloc-In the 4th century, China introduced buttons to Europe, which is an exciting festival for Europeans who are still a little disheveled. At that time, it was an honor and privilege to tie up the robe and take off the coat quite neatly. Men stopped fiddling with the disobedient and rude cloth belt and their manners changed accordingly. In order to show their wealth, some dignitaries make buttons with precious materials such as gold and silver, pearls, precious stones, diamonds, rhinoceros horn, antelope horn and ivory. Their attitude became a little arrogant because of the decorations. France has King Louis XIV, 1. A record 30,000 precious buttons were embedded in a royal robe. Those beautiful women have few users, and prefer to dress up and sit in the hall to receive relatives and friends. At most, buttons are hung on the waist, which plays the role of clothing and makes people feel that their identity is just right.
/kloc-In the 6th century, it was popular among aristocratic women to sew a large number of buttons from elbow to wrist and then from neck to waist as knots and decorations. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, with the opening of button processing factories in Britain, Germany, France and other countries, buttons embroidered with patterns will shine on clothes with design concepts. Tin alloy buttons have replaced other products and become popular buttons. The decoration of copper buttons on military uniforms makes beautiful military uniforms shine. In short, the button materials used during this period are varied, such as shells, pearls, glass, crystals, leather, buffalo horns, tortoiseshell, bamboo and so on, which are really dazzling. Less than 50 years later, the industrialized Britain had carved steel buttons, and many facets were carved on the billet, so it was smooth, exquisite and beautiful. This kind of button reached the romantic French hands and was further interpreted into a beautiful through-hole pattern.
/kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, low-cost die-cast steel buttons decorated with through holes replaced the former. 1830, handmade cloth buttons were replaced by machine cloth buttons. At the same time, a kind of button remolded by heating the horns and hooves of animals and dyeing them has also entered the popular stage.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the development of science and technology also promoted the appearance of button manufacturing materials. Now more than 80% buttons in the world are made of synthetic resin. Plastic products such as cellulose, polystyrene and polyethylene have different styles and emerge one after another, which are not only bright in color, but also low in cost. At present, in addition to buttons made of synthetic resin, there are also a number of button products: decorative stone buttons, which are low-grade gems. Because of their beautiful colors and high hardness, they can be processed into round plates and embedded in metal bases. A set of noble and elegant tiger eye stone buttons can fetch a higher price.
Electroplated wire buttons appeared in Birmingham, the capital of British manufacturing in the16th century, and have always occupied a high market share. A silver-plated button can be sold for more than 5 pounds.
The shell button is a kind of respect for returning to simplicity. Once upon a time, they have been regarded as people's money in circulation. But with the development of history, they have long been far away from the society in measuring the value of goods, but the buttons made into decorations are still elegant and flashing with natural beauty. The Japanese have a special liking for buttons made of white butterflies and black butterflies, and regard them as top grade.
In addition, many rich people often have expensive buttons on their clothes. At this time, these buttons have lost the taste of shirts and become more decorative, giving people a feeling of spending money like water.
Although buttons are too small to be seen, people can often see the characteristics of a new country through them. For example, buttons painted with vermilion and engraved with complex patterns are China's specialties, and ceramic buttons decorated with exquisite paintings are French famous products; Colored glass buttons are representative works of Bohemia; Ivory buttons are made from the fruits of palm trees in South America, which are baked in a kiln. They are full of wild customs and so on. In short, a small button can not only bring countless conveniences to life, but also add endless brilliance to clothing, which makes people cherish it.
Buttons are also a culture. Just as most wealthy citizens can influence a community, the role of the West has always been awesome to many people, almost reaching the admiration of ecstasy, and even copying the habit of sewing buttons on the right, which is why the buttons are on the right. I still feel particularly adapted after a long time.
The reason why women's buttons are on the left is because many years ago, those young ladies with blue eyes and high noses living in the west were still in a pampered environment. Their rule is that the upper class will complete every detail of their lives, including tying those little buttons. Otherwise, you will be holding a bra, hat, stockings and other messy things under people's noses, so there is a maid lying next door ready to dress up the young lady beautifully and dignified. In order to facilitate the maid to button, the buttons of women's clothes are opposite to those of men.
In addition, some people give the button romantic meaning, and the second button is the best gift between lovers. The second button, at the top of the heart, is for the person to whom the heart belongs. That is to give it to someone you like. Because the second button is biased towards the heart, the second button represents the heart relatively!
The story of the most famous button is closely related to the fate of Mr Napoleon. Napoleon's life is full of great legends, many people worship his great power to conquer the world, and even countless people kiss his grave. "There is no greater man in the world than him," former British Prime Minister Churchill once said of Napoleon. This military genius spent his whole life fighting, creating many famous examples of fighting with few to win more, some of which are still regarded as classics and handed down from generation to generation. However, the failure of the expedition to Russia in 18 12 changed his fate, and the first French empire gradually declined. 1865438+On May 9, 2002, Napoleon, who won a series of brilliant victories on the European continent, left Paris and led a 600,000-strong army to make a mighty expedition to Russia. With advanced tactics and heavy artillery fire, the French army went straight to Huanglong, the capital of Moscow, in just a few months. However, the Russians carried out the measures of clearing the field, burning houses and burying grain, and the whole city became a dead city without people. The French army far away from home immediately fell into many difficulties. When the French army entered the city, a raging fire broke out in the city center, three quarters of Moscow city was burned down and more than 6,000 houses were reduced to ashes. Russian czar Alexander took measures to strengthen the city wall and clear the field, which made the French army far away from home fall into food shortage, lost hay and oats, and a large number of military horses starved to death on the way. The military trench had to be destroyed because there were no controlled drivers, and then the freezing climate made this grim situation worse. Hungry and cold, 18 12 winter, Napoleon's army was forced to retreat from Moscow, and 600,000 soldiers froze to death along the way. By the beginning of 12, Napoleon's army had changed from 600,000 troops during the war to a small force with less than10,000 troops.
What caused Napoleon's failure? The world often blames its failure on the long front and insufficient logistics supply. However, a Canadian chemist recently put forward a new explanation in his book. Small buttons are the chief culprit leading to the downfall of Napoleon's 600,000 troops.
According to the American Discovery Channel, Penny, the head of the Department of Science and Art at Noel College in capra, Canada, is a famous chemist. In his new book, Napoleon's Buttons: 17 Molecule that Changed World History, Lecter revealed that the buttons that turned into powder probably played an important role in Napoleon's fiasco.
According to the book, Napoleon used tin buttons on the uniforms of Russian soldiers at that time. In the cold climate, tin products would change chemically and turn into powder. Because there are no buttons on the clothes, the soldiers are open-minded in the face of ice and snow. Under such harsh conditions, many people were frozen to death. In addition, people died of typhoid fever. Penny quoted some eyewitness records of contemporary Russians in his new book. For example, a Russian described the situation when Napoleon's army retreated: "Those men are like a group of demons, wrapped in women's cloaks, strange carpet fragments or coats full of holes." Penny said, "There is no doubt that the cold winter temperature in 18 12 was the main factor that led to the collapse of Napoleon's army, and the changeable nature of tin at low temperature was the real reason why Napoleon soldiers were forced to wear these strange clothes."
It seems that the role of buttons can not be underestimated. Sometimes it even exceeds the power of artillery and makes an indestructible army fall apart quickly. A great commander-in-chief is wise.