chemical fibre
Chemical fibers are fibers made of natural or synthetic polymers. Common textiles, such as viscose cloth, polyester khaki, nylon stockings, acrylic wool and polypropylene carpet, are all made of chemical fiber. According to the different sources of raw materials, chemical fibers can be divided into 1, artificial fibers, natural polymers (such as cellulose) as raw materials, viscose fibers and so on. 2. Synthetic fibers, using synthetic polymers as raw materials, such as polyester; 3, inorganic fiber, inorganic materials, such as glass fiber. Since the first rayon was pulled out in the18th century, great progress has been made in the variety, fiber-forming method and spinning technology of chemical fibers.
artificial fiber
China is not only the birthplace of sericulture and silk-making, but also the first country to make fibers artificially according to historical records. The main varieties of man-made fibers are viscose fiber. 1848 J. Mercer found that the sensitivity of chemical reaction increased after cotton cellulose was impregnated with concentrated alkali liquor. After that, British C Cross and E Bevan reacted with alkali fiber to obtain soluble cellulose xanthate, thus making viscose fiber. Later, the centrifugal can winder appeared, which made viscose fiber have the conditions for industrial production.
Special fiber
Refers to a new type of synthetic fiber, which has special properties such as corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, flame retardancy, high strength and high modulus. Special fibers are not only used as textile materials, but also widely used in national defense industry, aerospace, transportation, medical and health care, marine aquatic products and communications.