Before the 20th century, it was inconceivable to put food in the refrigerator, and life without refrigerator in the 20th century was inconceivable. Before the refrigerator appeared, we were always worried that food would taste bad or even rot if it was kept for a long time. The invention of food storage method in low temperature environment has a lot to do with slaughter industry.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, butchers in Europe have to transport live livestock to other places by train before they can be slaughtered. They couldn't stand the railway department getting most of the profits from them for a long time, and finally invented the low-temperature transport vehicle, which can transport the meat to other places in a short time without deterioration or even corruption. So that livestock can be slaughtered anytime and anywhere.
The real refrigerator was invented in the 1920s. 1920. A flat-panel printer named Willis H in Brooklyn, new york, Carrier engineers designed a system that can control temperature and humidity.
The cellar owner and the manager of the milk company storing fur further improved the mechanical refrigerator technology as needed. During the First World War, some smaller household refrigerators appeared. This is a new invention, which is noisy and easy to leak. In fact, it just installed a motor and a rotating belt in the old "ice box" shell, which made it look like an experiment.
1923, when Quidel Danfray was a branch of general motors, it introduced a new mechanical refrigerator component and assembled it into a refrigerator. FreyGuide refrigerator is designed to put the "ice box" for storing perishable food and refrigeration machinery into a special cabinet.
This device is quiet, convenient and compact. At this point, a new refrigerator style was born, and brand names were everywhere.
Since then, with the sharp increase in output, the price of refrigerators has plummeted. By 1944, about 85% of American families have mechanical refrigerators.
"Ice box" has only been handed down as a word. If there is no refrigerator, not only housewives will be much tired, but also many life comforts, including drinking whisky with ice, will be greatly reduced.
Before the 20th century, it was inconceivable to put food in the refrigerator, and life without refrigerator in the 20th century was inconceivable. .
Second, the history of refrigerator development Before the 20th century, it was unthinkable to put food in the refrigerator, and life without the refrigerator in the 20th century was also unimaginable.
Before the refrigerator appeared, we were always worried that food would taste bad or even rot if it was stored for a long time. The real refrigerator was invented in the 1920s. 1920, Willis H. Carrier, an engineer in a flat-panel printing factory in Brooklyn, new york, designed a system to control temperature and humidity. The cellar owner and the manager of the milk company storing fur further improved the mechanical refrigerator technology as needed. During the First World War, some smaller household refrigerators appeared. This is a new invention, which is noisy and easy to leak. In fact, it just installed a motor and a rotating belt in the old "ice box" shell, which made it look like an experiment.
1923, when Quidel Danfray was a branch of general motors, it introduced a new mechanical refrigerator component and assembled it into a refrigerator. FreyGuide refrigerator is designed to put the "ice box" for storing perishable food and refrigeration machinery into a special cabinet. This device is quiet, convenient and compact. At this point, a new refrigerator style was born, and brand names were everywhere.
Since then, with the sharp increase in output, the price of refrigerators has plummeted. By 1944, about 85% of American families have mechanical refrigerators. "Ice box" has only been handed down as a word.
If there is no refrigerator, not only housewives will be much tired, but also many life comforts, including drinking whisky with ice, will be greatly reduced. Before the 20th century, it was inconceivable to put food in the refrigerator, and life without refrigerator in the 20th century was inconceivable.
Refrigerator principle
Refrigerator uses evaporative cooling or gasification to absorb heat to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. At the throat of the refrigerator, there is a refrigerant called freon commercially, commonly known as snow seed. Commonly used is difluoromethane (CCL2F2), which is a colorless, odorless and nontoxic gas with a boiling point of 29℃. Freon is pressurized by a compressor when it is gaseous.
After being pressurized, it flows to the condenser at the back of the refrigerator through the throat, is cooled by the radiator (the temperature of the substance will rise after being compressed), and then condenses into liquid. After the liquid freon enters the valve of the evaporator, it immediately turns into steam because it is out of the pressure of the compressor, and absorbs the latent heat of vaporization from the air and food in the refrigerator, causing the refrigerator to be cold. The vaporized freon is pressed back to the condenser outside the box by the compressor to dissipate heat, and then becomes liquid, so the heat energy in the refrigerator is pumped out of the box.
References:
://infoedu/zz/more.asp？ Yan Rui Rui 1 & amp； id=662
I want to know the development history of refrigerator and its invention.
Jacoby, an American who works in Britain? Perkins' new discovery led to the invention of refrigerator. In 1834, he found that when some liquids evaporate, there will be a cooling effect. Perkins asked a group of technicians to make a working model that could prove the idea.
Sure enough, this device really produced some ice in one night. The mechanics excitedly took the ice cubes, jumped into a carriage and hurried to Perkins' house to show him their achievements. Perkins was old at this time. Although Harrison didn't sell his invention in the market, his work paved the way for early household refrigerators.
The life of an inventor-John, a Scottish printer living in Australia? Harrison. Harrison may have discovered the cooling effect without knowing Perkins' results. He cleaned metal type with ether, and one day he noticed the cooling effect of this substance. By 1862, his first refrigerator was on the market. Harrison also established the first refrigeration workshop in a brewery in Bendigo, Victoria. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, only the rich who build an ice bank can enjoy this benefit. What most people expect is a refrigerator.
At that time, one of the most important uses of refrigerators was on ships. Large cold storage means that ships can carry edible fresh meat on long-distance voyages, such as mutton, which can be exported from New Zealand to Europe.
German engineer Carl? Feng? Linde manufactured the first household refrigerator in 1879. But before the invention of refrigerators in the 1920s, refrigerators did not enter the home on a large scale.
Refrigerator principle
Refrigerator uses evaporative cooling or gasification to absorb heat to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. At the throat of the refrigerator, there is a refrigerant called freon commercially, commonly known as snow seed. Commonly used is difluoromethane (CCL2F2), which is a colorless, odorless and nontoxic gas with a boiling point of 29℃. Freon is pressurized by a compressor when it is gaseous. After being pressurized, it flows to the condenser at the back of the refrigerator through the throat, is cooled by the radiator (the temperature of the substance will rise after being compressed), and then condenses into liquid. After the liquid freon enters the valve of the evaporator, it immediately turns into steam because it is out of the pressure of the compressor, and absorbs the latent heat of vaporization from the air and food in the refrigerator, causing the refrigerator to be cold. The vaporized freon is pressed back to the condenser outside the box by the compressor to dissipate heat, and then becomes liquid, so the heat energy in the refrigerator is pumped out of the box.
Fourth, seek the development history of modern refrigerators. Refrigerators make fresh goods available at will.
Frey Quidel refrigerator: cold, clean, large capacity.
Before the 20th century, it was inconceivable to put food in the refrigerator, and life without refrigerator in the 20th century was inconceivable.
Before the refrigerator appeared, we were always worried that food would taste bad or even rot if it was stored for a long time. The invention of the method of storing food in low temperature environment has a great relationship with the slaughter industry. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, butchers in Europe have to transport live livestock to other places by train before they can be slaughtered. They couldn't stand the railway department getting most of the profits from them for a long time, and finally invented the low-temperature transport vehicle, which can transport the meat to other places in a short time without deterioration or even corruption. So that livestock can be slaughtered anytime and anywhere.
The real refrigerator was invented in the 1920s. 1920, Willis H. Carrier, an engineer in a flat-panel printing factory in Brooklyn, new york, designed a system to control temperature and humidity. The cellar owner and the manager of the milk company storing fur further improved the mechanical refrigerator technology as needed. During the First World War, some smaller household refrigerators appeared. This is a new invention, which is noisy and easy to leak. In fact, it just installed a motor and a rotating belt in the old "ice box" shell, which made it look like an experiment.
1923, when Quidel Danfray was a branch of general motors, it introduced a new mechanical refrigerator component and assembled it into a refrigerator. FreyGuide refrigerator is designed to put the "ice box" for storing perishable food and refrigeration machinery into a special cabinet. This device is quiet, convenient and compact. At this point, a new refrigerator style was born, and brand names were everywhere.
Since then, with the sharp increase in output, the price of refrigerators has plummeted. By 1944, about 85% of American families have mechanical refrigerators. "Ice box" has only been handed down as a word.
If there is no refrigerator, not only housewives will be much tired, but also many life comforts, including drinking whisky with ice, will be greatly reduced. Before the 20th century, it was inconceivable to put food in the refrigerator, and life without refrigerator in the 20th century was inconceivable.
The invention of refrigerator
Jacoby, an American who works in Britain? Perkins' new discovery led to the invention of refrigerator. In 1834, he found that when some liquids evaporate, there will be a cooling effect. Perkins asked a group of technicians to make a working model that could prove the idea.
Sure enough, this device really produced some ice in one night. The mechanics excitedly took the ice cubes, jumped into a carriage and hurried to Perkins' house to show him their achievements. Perkins was old at this time. Although Harrison didn't sell his invention in the market, his work paved the way for early household refrigerators.
The life of an inventor-John, a Scottish printer living in Australia? Harrison. Harrison may have discovered the cooling effect without knowing Perkins' results. He cleaned metal type with ether, and one day he noticed the cooling effect of this substance. By 1862, his first refrigerator was on the market. Harrison also established the first refrigeration workshop in a brewery in Bendigo, Victoria. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, only the rich who build an ice bank can enjoy this benefit. What most people expect is a refrigerator.
At that time, one of the most important uses of refrigerators was on ships. Large cold storage means that ships can carry edible fresh meat on long-distance voyages, such as mutton, which can be exported from New Zealand to Europe.
German engineer Carl? Feng? Linde manufactured the first household refrigerator in 1879. But before the invention of refrigerators in the 1920s, refrigerators did not enter the home on a large scale.
Refrigerator is one of the earliest domestic refrigeration appliances in China, which began in the early 1980s. After nearly 20 years of development, refrigerators in China have accounted for 16% of the world's total output, ranking first in the world. As the domestic market has entered a mature stage, the basic feature of market operation is relative stability, and there will be no ups and downs in demand. The consumption of refrigerators is mainly concentrated in cities and towns. Due to the limitation of income level and living habits, the number of refrigerators in rural areas is much lower than that in cities and towns.
Origin: The first domestic refrigerator came from Germany.
Refrigerator is one of the essential appliances in our life. In the early years, when there was no refrigerator, many people would prepare a big wooden cabinet, under which ice cubes could be stored, and the shelf in the middle could store all kinds of foods that needed to be refrigerated. But even so, not every household can enjoy it.
But when it comes to the invention of the first refrigerator, it dates back to19th century. Jacoby Perkins, an Englishman, discovered in 1834 that liquid would have a cooling effect when it evaporated, so he recruited a group of workers to build a simple working model. On the day when the model was officially put into operation, some ice cubes were indeed produced. Later, a Scottish printer named Harrison noticed the cooling effect of the liquid when cleaning metal movable type, and set up a refrigeration workshop in a brewery in Victoria.
German engineer Karl von Linde invented the first household refrigerator. But unfortunately, electricity was not widely used at that time, so the scale of refrigerator entering the family was still limited. It was not until the mid-1920s that an inventor introduced electrical equipment into the household refrigerator, and finally the household refrigerator was born.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) The development history of refrigerator in China Recently, two capital events from the refrigerator industry attracted people's attention: First, at the beginning of 10, Singapore Hong Leong Group won 39% shares of Henan Xinfei Electric Co., Ltd. and Henan Xinfei Household Appliances Co., Ltd. held by Xinfei Group, and Xinfei Electric became a refrigerator brand in China with 90% shares held by Hong Leong Group; Second, in mid-September, Hisense officially entered Kelon, and the Rong Sheng brand, which has been active in the refrigerator industry in China for many years, once again found a new owner.
As shocking as the noise of the capital market, a refrigerator market data just obtained from Zhongyikang Times Market Research Company in August: Rong Sheng refrigerators ranked 10 with 2.6% market share, while Rong Sheng ranked third with 8.5% market share last August. This makes people think that the rapid decline has a lot to do with the "Gu incident".
Will the restlessness of the capital market now bring about a new market structure? Undeniably, the market pattern of China refrigerator industry is not a stable pattern, the old pattern has been completely broken, and new changes will happen at any time. In the history of refrigerator industry in China, such a word-"Four Families" (namely Haier, Rong Sheng, Xinfei and Meiling) has occupied people's eyes for many years. Even after some changes in 2004, the "four big families" are still active in the top six positions in the refrigerator market.
However, this pattern was completely broken this year. After Meiling fell out of the top four in August last year, Rong Sheng fell out of the top 10 in August this year, and the "four big families" finally came to extinction.
Comparative figures from the Zhongyikang era show that in August last year, Haier still ranked first with 28.7% of sales, and Rong Sheng ranked third with 8.5%, but after Siemens, Xinfei ranked fourth with 8.4%, and Meiling ranked sixth with 6.3%, behind LG. It should be said that last year, because of the appearance of Meiling, the "four big families" no longer existed.
In August this year, although Meiling returned to the fourth place with 9. 1%, Rong Sheng slipped out of the top of 10 with 2.6%, and the changes in the capital market have reached the point where a brand can be completely subverted. Li Hongwei, director of Gome Electrical Appliances Department, also regrets this: "Rong Sheng has always maintained the third position in the Gome system, but after May Day, it fell miserably because of the' Gu incident', which directly affected the entire market structure."
Lu Jianbo, deputy director of the Market Consulting Center of Market Economy Research Institute of the State Council Development Research Center, said in an interview that there are no so-called "four big families" in the refrigerator industry, and the market structure is in a turbulent period. But it is gratifying that Haier has always firmly occupied the first position in the industry, and Xinfei continued to maintain the third position with a market share of 9. 1% in August this year.
The pattern changes are dazzling. From the beginning of the year to the present, not only the stable position of the "four big families" is not guaranteed, but also the seating position and market performance of other brands have undergone obvious changes, among which three major changes are particularly striking. First of all, the market share of Korean brands led by Samsung and LG has declined to varying degrees.
According to the comparative data of Zhongyikang era, in August last year, LG ranked fifth with 6.4% market sales and Samsung ranked seventh with 4.5%, but in August this year, LG fell to eighth with 4.3%, while Samsung fell out of the 10 list with 2.8%. Chang Li, director of Samsung Refrigerator Marketing Department, also recognized this point, and further explained that Samsung Refrigerator completely abandoned the mechanical refrigerator this year and formally implemented the high-end strategy, so in the first year of implementation, many things needed to be transitioned, and high-end products themselves could not achieve high sales.
Analysts believe that LG also has such problems. From the comparative data, in August this year, LG and Samsung ranked fourth and eighth with 6.8% and 4.5% sales share respectively.
Secondly, from the sales feedback of Gome and Suning in the primary market, foreign refrigerator brands have occupied a dominant position in the high-end market, and domestic brands are almost collectively aphasia. Gome Li Hongwei said that its main brands are Haier, Siemens, LG, Electrolux, Hisense, Panasonic, Meiling and Samsung.
The same is true of Yang Fei, manager of the white electricity department of Suning Appliance. It can be clearly seen from such a brand list that foreign brands have occupied an absolutely important position in the first-class cities that mainly reflect the high-end market.
Li Hongwei also stressed that this situation is more serious because of the rapid decline of Rong Sheng. In other words, apart from Haier, the plan that domestic brands said at the end of last year-starting to rush back to the high end this year-has not been realized.
Yang Fei said that with the improvement of people's housing conditions, if domestic brands still don't change their product strategies, they will lose their share in the primary market, which is the real source of profits and sales. Thirdly, Hisense, which ranked only ninth in August last year with a sales share of 3.0%, rose to fifth in August this year with a sales share of 6.0%, which attracted great attention from both inside and outside the industry.
According to Gao Simin, manager of Hisense's refrigerator marketing department, since last year, the average annual sales growth rate of Hisense has exceeded 100%, and the growth rate of high-end products (that is, products with a price of more than 2,000 yuan) has reached more than 200%. In addition to Hisense, another striking brand is Siemens, which still maintains a steady growth trend. In August this year, the proportion of sales has reached 1 1.5%, and the sales volume has reached 14.7%, which is nearly 6 percentage points higher than that of the third brand, firmly occupying the second position, and has a continuous upward trend.
Analysts believe that both Hisense and Siemens rely on stable market strategies and actively seize the changing opportunities in this year's market, making their status rise steadily. The price increase of raw materials is a fundamental change. In fact, what we have seen this year is only the result of changes in the refrigerator industry. In the previous year or two, this market has undergone many subtle changes.
One of the most sensitive reactions is that all brands have become extremely active in the last year or two. First of all, Korean-funded enterprises represented by LG and Samsung have adjusted their strategies one after another; Secondly, Japanese-funded enterprises represented by Panasonic and Toshiba have increased the intensity of new products; Third, unknown brands such as GE and Bosch began to increase their investment in the China market; Fourth, represented by Hisense and Rongshida.