Yersinia pestis is a severe infectious disease mainly spread by rat fleas, and it is a natural focus disease widely spread among wild rodents.
The clinical manifestations are fever, severe toxemia, lymphadenopathy, pneumonia and bleeding tendency.
First, Yunnan plague
1855, the first great plague occurred in Yunnan, China; 1894, a great plague broke out in Guangdong and spread to Hong Kong. Yersinia pestis was isolated for the first time in the world.
After maritime traffic, it finally spread to all inhabited continents. 1898, a great plague broke out in Mumbai, India, killing tens of millions of Indians.
About120,000 people died in China and India.
The global epidemic continued to 1959, and the global death toll was less than 250.
Second, the plague in Hong Kong.
Plague broke out in Hong Kong from 65438 to 0894, and reached its peak in 1930s. It spread to more than 60 countries in Asia, Europe, America, Africa and Australia, and killed more than one million people.
Among them, India is the most serious, with more than 654.38+0.02 million deaths in 20 years.
The epidemic is mostly distributed in coastal cities and nearby densely populated residential areas. The epidemic spreads quickly and widely, far ahead of the two pandemics.
Third, the northeast plague.
19 10 5438+00 In June, a plague occurred in the northeast of China.
19 1010/On October 25th, the plague first appeared in Manchuria, and on October 8th,/kloc-0 spread to Harbin, the central city of Beiman.
After that, the epidemic spread like a river burst its banks, not only sweeping the northeast plain, but also spreading to Hebei, Shandong and other places.
People who are seriously ill often have their whole families killed. The method adopted at that time was to burn down their houses, and the officers and men who went to perform the task also died one after another.
Extended data
The spread and prevention of plague
First, the source of infection
Animals and patients are infected with pneumonic plague, and the host animals are generally rodents and wild carnivores, such as Marmota grey, Marmota red, Marmota Himalaya and Rattus flavipectus.
Second, the route of transmission.
1. The transmission mode of flea bites is rat-flea-human, that is, fleas bite sick rats and then bite people, or the skin is infected with marmots or other infected animals are eaten. This mode of transmission often causes bubonic plague or septicemia plague.
2. The mode of transmission between people, that is, healthy people are infected through respiratory inhalation after contacting with pneumonic plague patients. The main infection in this way is pneumonic plague.
Third, susceptible people.
People are usually susceptible to plague.
People engaged in field work or hunters and herders who hunt and peel marmots in epidemic areas are more likely to contact infected animals, and the possibility of infection is higher than that of the general population.