Boxing has both amateur (also known as Olympic boxing) and professional business competitions. The goal of the game is to get more points than the opponent to beat or knock down the opponent and end the game. At the same time, competitors should try to avoid opponents' blows. Boxing is called "the sport of the brave". As early as in ancient Greece and Rome, there were many records about boxing. In the ancient Olympic Games, boxing was already one of the events. At the 3rd Modern Summer Olympic Games held in St Louis, men's boxing was officially included in the competition.
A brief history of development
Ancient boxing
Boxing has a long history and originated from the beginning of mankind. In order to survive and compete, human beings invented it. So in the beginning, it was the main means to protect people's lives and property. Boxing and archery are ancient survival skills of human beings. Primitive people used them to keep fit and could survive in harsh environment. Before the bow and arrow appeared, humans had to defend themselves with fists and legs. This is the rudiment of boxing. It was first recorded in Egypt in the 40th century BC.
Around17th century BC, boxing spread to ancient Greece through Crick Island in the Mediterranean Sea. On the other hand, archaeologists unearthed a pair of magnetic bottles at the Aegean coast site in the fifth century BC, with boxing patterns of two people attacking and defending each other. In Greek mythology, it is said that Saihi Assi, the prince of Athens (BC 1000), was familiar with boxing and played it. In ancient Greece, this sport was called wrestling boxing. It is said that boxing gloves contain iron thistles, and fierce fights often end in failure. In the archaeological excavations in Mesopotamia, the remains of boxing activities 1700 years ago were also found.
Boxing has been almost lonely for more than four centuries since the ancient Roman emperor Theodore Reyes banned it. Mainly because the boxing style in ancient Rome was rude and unforgettable; On the other hand, because horse riding and sword fighting are popular in Europe, the development of technology immediately inhibits the development of boxing. Chivalry is a kind of movement belonging to the ruling class and the aristocratic class, and the participants must be followers of _ _ _ _ _. Boxing, as a self-defense technique and entertainment activity, is still popular among the people. Although it is still very popular, it can't be played in public because of the influence of the decree issued by the emperor.
In the eighth century, the Roman Empire was artificially divided into the Ottoman Turkish Empire and the reserved part extending from the original Roman Empire. During the reign of Osman the Great; The court has formulated a new system: "trial by trial". And it is stipulated that if it is a lawsuit between nobles, it will be in accordance with the customs of nobles; The parties to the lawsuit decide the outcome by riding horses, wearing armor and fighting with western swords. If it is a lawsuit of ordinary people, boxing will be used to decide the outcome. That is, when a difficult case is encountered in the trial, the so-called "fighting trial" means ordering both sides to duel; Finally, the winner of the duel will be able to make some demands to the court, and the court will accept and consider the demands of the winner of the duel; If the appeal is reasonable, the court will take the appeal of the duel winner as the final request for judgment, so the duel winner will win the case in the court. Since then, boxing has spread more widely among ordinary people.
In AD 1200, the missionary Saint Bernardine saw that many young people died in sword fights at that time, so he tried to promote boxing duels instead of western sword duels. Therefore, he abolished the barbaric boxing training method based on the ancient Roman training standards and advocated unarmed boxing to everyone; I hope that young people will like this duel after practicing boxing, and then make it a physical activity based on the principle of physical exercise. In order to promote this sport, Saint Bernard opened a boxing training school in Siena, Italy. And personally served as the principal and boxing coach. When holding a boxing match, act as the boxing match host and perform the referee work. If there is an emergency that may be dangerous in the game, he will order to stop the game in time to prevent unnecessary injuries. This improved boxing has gradually become popular among young people. Saint Bernard has been keen on boxing all his life, which makes boxing, which has been interrupted for centuries, come back and become an indelible milestone in boxing history.
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In the16th century, boxing crossed the Doba Strait and spread to Britain. /kloc-At the end of 0/7th century, boxing was revived in Britain. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, there was an award-winning boxing match in England. 17 19, the first British boxing champion known as the ancestor of modern boxing was born. Mdash& ampmdash James & middot Figg (1695- 1734) won the championship for eleven years in a row, so he got the reputation of "invincible general". At that time, Figg's boxing was an undefended and unarmed "life-and-death" fighting. Later, he founded the earliest boxing school in the world and became the cradle of British boxers. After Figg's death, his favorite student John &; Middot broughton (1704- 1789) inherited his boxing career. In order to reduce injuries in boxing, he organized a boxing club. In order to make boxing more sportsmanship, he formulated the earliest boxing rules on August 6 1743, which is also the earliest professional boxing competition rules in the world, and was named "broughton Rules". The rules mainly stipulate that it is forbidden to hit those who fall to the ground and to hit any part below the waist. At the same time, broughton designed boxing gloves in 1747, and invented the first soft leather gloves to protect facial skin. Later, broughton also built a large arena in London as a center for teaching boxing and organizing boxing competitions. Because broughton has contributed to the development of modern boxing, he has put forward a new direction for boxing. At the same time, it played an important role in the healthy development of boxing, so people later called him "the father of boxing".
1792, British boxing champion Mendoza promoted boxing. Join the circus to do boxing performances all over the British Isles and actively promote boxing. 1798, he wrote the first boxing guide in boxing history and named it "Boxing Art", which was well received by people. Mendoza is a pioneer in boxing research and a hero in boxing.
Modern boxing
Modern boxing originated in Britain in the18th century, when gloves were not worn. There are no rules and time limits until one of them loses the ability to continue the game. 1838, based on the rules originally formulated by broughton, Britain formulated and promulgated new rules for the London Boxing Championship. This rule was finally used in boxing in 1839. 1853, this rule was also revised, prohibiting boxers from kicking, hitting the head, biting their teeth and other low-level actions in the competition, and stipulating that the boxing ring should be surrounded by ropes. 1867, John &; Middot Gulaham &; Middot chambas further improved and revised the new boxing rules; John, Marquis of queensberry. Little Lutu &; Middot Douglas served as the guarantor of this new rule and named it "queensberry Boxing Rule". For example, gloves must be used in competitions. On the other hand, the efforts of British boxing fans have made indelible contributions to promoting the development of modern boxing competitions. 1880 The British Amateur Boxing Association was formally established in London, and boxing began to spread all over the world. The first British Championship was held in 188 1 year. This rule was finally determined in the boxing competition rules and adopted by all boxing competitions. 1September 7, 892, John &; MiddotL & ampmiddot Suriban and Kim. Goebbed took part in the world's first heavyweight championship with a five-ounce glove.
At the first modern summer Olympic Games in 1896, the king from Greece thought boxing was too violent, too dangerous and too inhuman, so he did not approve boxing to be included in the competition. However, at the Summer Modern Olympic Games held in Stockholm, Sweden in 19 12, boxing once disappeared from the Olympic family because Swedish law did not allow it. It was not until 1920 that boxing was once again included in the Olympic Games. It was not until 20 12 that the International Amateur Boxing Federation was established on the eve of the 8th Olympic Games in 1924. At the Olympic Games in the same year, only 44 athletes from the United States participated in this event, so naturally all the seven levels set up this year won the championship. 1946, the international amateur boxing Federation was established. By the time of the 18 Olympic Games held in Tokyo, Japan in 1964, 269 athletes from 56 countries had participated in the competition. In 2008, the World Amateur Boxing Federation was renamed the World Boxing Federation.
Modern boxing in China began in the late 1920s, and was originally called "Western Boxing" by Chinese people. Then someone translated a book, Western Boxing. In 1930s, boxing was listed as one of the main courses of the Central Wushu Museum and the National Wushu Institute of China. The Boxing Federation of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was founded in 1955, and is a member of the International Amateur Boxing Association (AIBA) and the World Boxing Association (WBC). Hong Kong athletes have been winning medals in women's and youth international competitions. Up to now, the members of the International Amateur Boxing Association are 190 countries or regions. At the same time, the first World Cup Women's Boxing Championship was successfully held in Finland from 65438 to 0999.
From a historical perspective, boxing can be divided into ancient boxing and modern boxing. From the competitive point of view, boxing can be divided into competitive boxing and non-competitive boxing. Sports boxing can be divided into professional boxing and amateur boxing, while boxing competitions in the Olympic Games and the Asian Games are amateur competitions.