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What are the historical backgrounds of the opening of the first batch of trading ports and the establishment of the first batch of special economic zones in China?
The reform and opening-up policy is an economic reform and opening-up policy implemented in China in the late 1970s. Reform and opening up include internal reform and opening up. China's internal reform began in the countryside, and Xiaogang Village in Fengyang County began to implement the "land contract responsibility system", which opened the curtain of China's internal reform; Opening to the outside world is a basic national policy of China, a road for China to become a powerful country and a powerful driving force for the development of the socialist cause.

197865438+In February, the Party held the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. This is a great turning point with far-reaching significance in the history of our party: First, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was a meeting to set things right. Specifically, it re-established the Marxist ideological line of seeking truth from facts, abandoned the slogan of "taking class struggle as the key link" which is not applicable to the current socialist society, and decided to shift the focus of the whole party's work to socialist modernization. Second, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a meeting to create the future. The plenary session clearly pointed out that the historical task of the party in the new period is to build China into a powerful socialist modernization country, which has opened the prelude to socialist reform and opening up. Third, since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the people of China have entered a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the CPC Central Committee with Deng Xiaoping at the core has gradually opened up the road of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Over the past 30 years, the people of China have made remarkable achievements along this road. This meeting kicked off the socialist reform and opening up in China. 1978 12 China has embarked on the road of reform and opening up.

After the Cultural Revolution, China's economy was on the verge of collapse, and the national financial deficit was serious. Economically, by 1978, although China's gross national product reached 362.4 billion yuan, more than double that of171600 million yuan, the average annual growth rate reached 6.8%, and an independent and complete industrial system was established. However, the people are still poor, and their technology is relatively backward. Moreover, after the Cultural Revolution, there was a certain degree of ruling crisis and trust crisis in China. Deng Xiaoping came to power for the third time, trying to comprehensively reform the domestic economic system at that time, and trying to transform China's economic system from a planned economy to a market economy. Deng Xiaoping's comeback and his reform attempt have been warmly supported by the people.

Planned economy was once regarded as one of the economic symbols of socialism and * * * productism. Since 1950s, China's planned economy has made great contributions to China's early economic recovery and initial development, but its disadvantages have become increasingly obvious with the passage of time: 1, the control of the domestic economy has reached an alarming level, and the government and enterprises have neglected the law of value and the role of market regulation; Everything is planned as the key link, which can't meet the needs of consumer groups, which restricts the development of commodity economy and becomes the biggest bottleneck of China's economic development. 2. The quantity of commodities produced is planned, and corresponding commodity vouchers (such as food stamps) are needed to buy commodities, so it is difficult for consumers to buy the commodities they need even if they have money. 3. Industrial and agricultural production and commodity management are compulsory public ownership of the means of production, and individuals are not allowed to own private property, so all the fruits of labor will be equally divided, which leads to producers' lack of interest in expanding production and loss of labor enthusiasm to a great extent. I only know how to live from a "big pot" and lose the motivation to develop the economy.

In order to improve the speed of economic development as soon as possible, Deng Xiaoping and the party's enlightened faction began to solve these problems one by one, and tried to change people's deep-rooted image of the * * * production party and socialism. The purpose of this reform movement is to change the management system and policies that are not suitable for the development of production and establish a market economy under socialism on the premise of maintaining the socialist system. The economic aspect of this reform first made a breakthrough in rural areas, and then it was quickly implemented in various economic fields throughout the country.