Zhu Yuanzhang (1328- 1398), the Ming emperor, was renamed Xingzong, with the word "Guo Duan", and was born in Lizhong, Haozhou. He came from a poor peasant family and worked as a landlord and herding sheep as a teenager. In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (134), due to the famine in his hometown, he joined the temple as a monk. In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), the Red Scarf Army uprising broke out. The following year, he joined the Guo Zixing Rebel Army in Haozhou, and was valued for his bravery and wisdom, becoming a prestigious figure in the army. After expanding the team, he led the troops south to Chuzhou and Hezhou. After Guo Zixing died, he actually became the head coach of this team. In the fifteenth year of Zheng Zheng's reign (1355), he established the regime of the Song Dynasty and appointed him as deputy marshal Zuo. In the second year, he led the army to conquer Qing Ji, renamed Yingtian, and based on Yingtian, he constantly developed and strengthened his own strength.
In the process of developing his own strength, Zhu Yuanzhang paid special attention to corporal Li Xian and talents. He reused Li Shanchang's secretary, bearing in mind Zhu Sheng's nine-character policy of "building a high wall, accumulating a wide grain, and slowing down to be king", and invited Mr. Liu Ji, Song Lian, Ye Chen, Zhang Yisi and others to advise him in Yingtian. With the help of these people, he made a personal expedition to Jiangxi, fought a decisive battle with Chen Youliang against Poyang Lake, won a great victory, and became the king of Wu. He besieged Pingjiang, wiped out Zhang Tucheng's troops, marched into eastern Zhejiang, and forced Fang Guozhen to surrender. He sent someone to sink and kill Han Liner, and conquered Fujian and Guangxi in the south, and achieved success. This laid the foundation for him to unify the whole country. After full preparation, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to explore the north. /kloc-in the first month of 0/368, he ascended the throne in Yingtian, with the title Ming and Hongwu, with Yingtian as the capital. In August this year, the Ming army conquered Dadu, Yuan Shundi fled northward, and the Yuan Dynasty perished.
After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he tried to correct the loss of metapolitics and adopted a series of policies to ease class contradictions, stabilize social order and develop agricultural production. There are mainly rewards for reclamation, tax exemption, making up pornographic books and fish scale atlas, rectifying household registration, checking land, building water conservancy projects, revitalizing agriculture and mulberry, etc. The migration is strong and powerful, restraining the merger forces; It is strictly forbidden for officials to be corrupt and restrain the heroes; Implement military and commercial camps to reduce the burden of private military expenditure; Return slaves to the people and improve the status of workers. These measures enabled people to live and work in peace and contentment, contributed to social development and progress, and contributed to the economic prosperity in the early Ming Dynasty, which should be fully affirmed.
In order to consolidate the early Ming dynasty, he was enfeoffed as a vassal king, protected important places, exercised spy rule over officials, and repeatedly set up prisons. The two most important cases are the Hu case and the Aquamarine case, which collectively killed tens of thousands of people, and almost half of the founding heroes were removed. These practices have certain limitations, but taking some severe measures at the beginning of governing the country is conducive to consolidating the feudal regime. In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Zhu Yuanzhang, who was emperor for 3 1 year, died of illness at the age of 7 1 year, and Zhu Yun, the great grandson of the emperor, was posthumously ordered to succeed him. Buried in Xiaoling Mausoleum, called Gao Di, the temple name is Mao.
Judy (1360- 1424) was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), he became the prince of Yan and guarded Beiping. In the twenty-third year of Hongwu (1390), he sent troops to crusade against the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty and won a great victory, which was praised by Taizu. Mao ordered him to control the military forces on the northern border and commanded generals to go out for many times, which made him famous.
In the thirty-first year of Hongwu (1398), Ming Taizu died of illness. Zhu Yunwen, the great-grandson of the emperor, succeeded to the throne, namely Hui Di. According to the policies of Ji Tai and Huang Zicheng, the vassal was ordered to be cut. On the grounds that Qitai and Huang Zicheng were dismissed by the "Jun Qing case", Judy set out to "overcome difficulties". Since the first year of the People's Republic of China (1399), after four years of civil war, it captured the capital and seized the throne. In the second year, the country name was changed to Yongle.
After Judy ascended the throne, in order to avoid repeating the mistakes of Hui Di, he deprived and relieved the kings of military power and consolidated centralization. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian army retreating to Mobei was always a threat. Judy often inspected the northern border defense and directed the deployment. In the fourth year of Yongle (1406), Beijing was ordered to be built. In the 19th year of Yongle (142 1), the capital was officially moved to Beijing. Beijing became the political and military center of the Ming Dynasty, which was of positive significance to resist the Mongolian attack, ensure national unity and stabilize the social environment within the Great Wall. He set up the commander-in-chief of slave owners in the capital to govern Heilongjiang, Wusuli River, Sakhalin Island and other places to defend territorial integrity. He sent Zheng He to the Western Seas six times, and established and developed friendly relations with all countries in the world, which won high prestige for the Ming Dynasty. More than 30 countries have come to establish good trade relations. He made five personal expeditions to Mobei, solved the historical problems left over by Ming Taizu's administration of southern ethnic areas, and established the Chief Secretary of Guizhou, all of which were beneficial to the unity and stability of the whole country.
Judy has also made many achievements in internal affairs. He is well aware of the sufferings of the people and puts the restoration and development of agricultural production in an important position. When I first acceded to the throne, my first imperial edict was to exempt Shandong, Beiping and Henan from three years of hard labor in war-torn counties. He was concerned about the economic development of Beijing, which was severely damaged by the war, and built Susong Water Conservancy, which set off the climax of the military camp. He perfected the cabinet system, purged bureaucrats, reused talents, and organized the compilation of Yongle Dadian, which promoted social stability and cultural development. However, he reused eunuchs, set up the East Factory, and opened up the disadvantages of eunuchs in politics in the Ming Dynasty, which had a bad influence.
In the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Judy died during the fifth Northern Expedition at the age of 65. After his death, he was buried in the tomb of Emperor Xiaowen, with the temple name Taizong. Emperor Jiajing changed the name of his temple to Chengzu.
Zhu Zhanji (1397— 1435), Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty, was the fifth emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The eldest son of Emperor Hongxi. In the 22nd year of Yongle (1424), Emperor Yongle died and his eldest son, Zhu Gaochi, acceded to the throne. In the same year, Zhu Zhanji was appointed Crown Prince. In the first year of Hongxi (1425), Emperor Hongxi died, and Zhu Zhanji acceded to the throne. In the following year, the title was changed to Xuande. Zhu Zhanji was in office for 10 years, and inherited the policy of Hongwu era. Xuanzong Dynasty was the most stable period of ruling order in the early Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Zhanji was born in the Prince's Mansion in the 31st year of Hongwu (1398). When he was young, he won the favor of his grandfather, Emperor Yongle. In the 9th year of Yongle (144 1), Zhu Zhanji was appointed as the eldest grandson by the ancestors of Ming Dynasty, and he was asked to follow the Northern Expedition. He also chose Minister Hanlin to teach history, study government affairs and broaden his knowledge. Zhu Gaochi, who was not trusted by Emperor Yongle, was appointed as the Crown Prince, because Zhu Zhanji was favored by Emperor Yongle. In May of the first year of Hongxi (1425), Zhu Gaochi suddenly became critically ill and died overnight in Qin Antang. Zhu Zhanji acceded to the throne and changed to Xuande.
Emperor Xuande was in office 10 year. On the basis of Emperor Hongxi, relying on the "Three Yang" of Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu, the Book of Changes of Shangshu and Xia Yuanji, it formed a solid ruling core. After solving the problems left over by the former dynasty, the focus turned to the governance of internal affairs. First of all, the rebellion of Hanwang Gao Xu was put down. As early as the fifteenth year of Yongle (14 17), Hanwang Zhu, who was deeply loved by Ming Chengzu, was punished by Ming Chengzu and moved to Anlefu (now Huimin, Shandong). However, he is unwilling to fail. Xuanzong was young and successful, and Hanwang tried to attack "Jingnan" again. In the first year of Xuande (1426), the soldiers were transferred to rebel. With the support of "Sanyang" and others, Xuanzong personally levied an Anfu to put down the rebellion, deposed Hanwang and his son as Shu Ren, imprisoned the capital and consolidated the central government.
Emperor Xuande changed the punitive policy of Yongle in order to rest the war and support the people, and voluntarily withdrew his troops from Jiaodian, which reduced the burden on the people, saved a lot of manpower and financial resources, and was also conducive to the exchanges between Jiaodian and the people of all ethnic groups in China.
Emperor Xuande cleaned up the accumulated disadvantages of the former dynasty, reorganized the ruling institutions, got rid of those who were "greedy for Tianjin and illegal", "failed to reach the political system" and "old diseases", and implemented measures to streamline redundant staff to shake the trend of the dynasty. Courtiers were appointed as local officials, and most of these officials appointed by recommendation and gift were the most capable officials at that time. In addition, Emperor Xuande also set up governors in some important provinces with the main purpose of sorting out taxes.
In terms of employing people, Emperor Xuande restricted the number of people who entered the government, and implemented recommendation and appointment by default, with the aim of appointing officials to gain people and guide them to govern effectively. Emperor Xuande also implemented some measures to alleviate the people's difficulties, such as free food, refugees returning to work, disaster relief and famine relief, which played a positive role in the stability of the Ming Dynasty.
Emperor Xuande is not only an emperor with high cultural quality, but also an emperor who likes hunting, fighting, promoting weaving and having fun too much. The Palace Museum has hand-painted paintings and calligraphy that reflect Emperor Xuande's hunting and tourism activities, such as "The Emperor Wu Hou Gao Lie Tu", "Three Drawings", "Gua Mouse Tu", "Shooting Hunting Tu" (hereinafter referred to as "Shooting Hunting Tu of Ming Xuanzong") and "Playing Music Tu" (hereinafter referred to as "Playing Music Tu of Ming Xuanzong").
In the tenth year of Xuande (1435), Zhu Zhanji died in Gan Qing Palace, and posthumous title went to pay homage to the sages, such as Qin, Wu Kuanren and Chun. Temple number Xuanzong. Buried in Jingling, Changping, Beijing.
Zhu Shitang (AD 1470- 1505), the third son of Zhu Jianshen, succeeded to the throne after his death. /kloc-died in 0/8 at the age of 35. Buried in Tailing (now the Ming Tombs in Beijing).
Zhu Shitang is a filial son, but his childhood was very difficult. His biological mother Ji is the daughter of Tusi, the surname of Ji in Guangxi. After the rebellion subsided, Maiden Ji was put into the palace and sent to the imperial palace library to take care of the books. Once Xian Zong passed by occasionally and saw Ji's beauty and intelligence, so he stayed overnight. Later, Ji got pregnant. Wan Guiji, who loved the harem, knew about it and ordered a maid-in-waiting to have an abortion for her. The maid-in-waiting was born with compassion and could not bear to kill her, so she lied that Ji was a "sick woman" and was not pregnant. Wan Guifei still don't trust, ordered the Jishi in limbo. In the shadow of Wan Guifei, Jishi secretly gave birth to Zhu Shitang in the cold palace. When Wan Guifei learned of this, he sent Sharla Cheung, the doorman, to drown the new prince, while Sharla Cheung risked his life to help Jishi hide the baby and feed it with rice noodles every day. Wu Huanghou, abandoned by Wan Guifei, also helped feed the baby. Wan Guifei looked for it several times, but he couldn't find it. In this way, Zhu Shitang was secretly locked up until he was six years old.
One day, when Sharla Cheung was combing Xian Zong's hair, Xian Zong sighed and said, "I am old and have no son." Sharla Cheung quickly fell to the ground and said, "Long live my son." Xianzong was surprised and asked what had happened before Sharla Cheung told the truth. Xian zong was overjoyed and immediately ordered to pick up the prince. When Xianzong first saw his thin son who had been confined for a long time and had his fetal hair dragged to the ground before he was cut. Tears streamed down her face. On the same day, I called all the ministers and told the truth. The next day, he issued a letter to the whole world, naming Zhu Shitang as a prince and Ji as a concubine. But then Jishi died suddenly in the palace, and the gatekeeper Sharla Cheung swallowed gold and committed suicide. Obviously, the deaths of Ji Fei and Zhang Minzhi are directly related to the persecution in Wan Guifei. Empress Zhou, the mother of Xianzong, was worried that she would kill the prince, so she personally adopted her grandson to be an official in Renshou, so that the prince could live safely in the palace.
Once, Wan Guifei invited the prince to dinner, and Empress Dowager Zhou said to him, "Don't eat after you go." Therefore, when the prince went to the party, he didn't touch any food, only said he was full. When the imperial secretary brought the soup, the young prince said, "I suspect it is poisonous." Wan Guifei was both surprised and angry. Crying and saying: "This child is only a few years old, so it will hurt me!" "From then on, she changed her control over the life of Xianzong's harem, and Xianzong was no longer confined to his concubines. The concubines are pregnant and can give birth smoothly, and the princes are gradually increasing. Wan Guifei wanted to coerce the emperor to establish another Chu Jun and abolish the status of the Crown Prince. Xianzong always obeyed Wan Guifei, so he had the intention of replacing the prince, and the ministers in the DPRK strongly opposed it. At this time, an earthquake suddenly occurred in Taishan area. The fortune teller pointed out that the reason for the earthquake was that God warned that if the prince was changed, it would definitely cause unrest. Xianzong was afraid and ordered not to discuss the abolition of the prince.
In the spring of the 23rd year of Chenghua (1487), Wan Guifei died of illness, and Xianzong died of grief in August. Prince Zhu Shitang ascended the throne in September. In the second year, for the sake of Emperor Xiaozong, the country name was changed to "Hongzhi".
In fact, Xian Zong left his son Xiao Zong not only chaotic state affairs, but also a country full of holes. For these situations, Xiaozong knew something when he was a prince in the palace. At the beginning of his reign, he began to reform the shortcomings. At first, his energy mainly focused on the personnel arrangement of important officials in the court. After these problems were basically solved, he began to pay attention to the management of internal and external troubles.
During the Chenghua period, Xianzong was biased towards Buddhism and Taoism, which led to many unfortunate villains mixing into the DPRK. Plum province is one of the representatives. He was favored by the emperor for his magical power and sexual skills, and then colluded with eunuch Liang Fang to corrupt the state affairs, hit loyal ministers and foster cronies, which was the first great harm of the court at that time. Xiao zong arrested two people immediately after he acceded to the throne, which made the civil and military officials celebrate each other. Then, Emperor Xiaozong began to rectify the bureaucracy and replace all officials in Chenghua who made a fortune through bribery and flattery. The reform began with the cabinet, and the "paper-pasted three-cabinet old man" headed by Qi Wanan, a foreigner, was removed. At the same time, Xiaozong used a large number of honest and talented people. During the Chenghua period, officials such as Wang Shu, Wynn and Ma Wensheng were demoted for being outspoken. Xu Pu, Liu Jian, Xie Qian, Li Dongyang and other sages. In order to build a palace in Qian, the palace is new, which is called the order of the Qing Dynasty.
Before Wan 'an was demoted, people didn't know much about filial piety. I only know that he is the son of a humble imperial secretary who was born in a cold palace. Later, although he was admitted by Xian Zong, he was always jealous of Wan Guifei, and even at the end of Chenghua, he was in danger of being abolished. So when this 17-year-old boy ascended the throne, I'm afraid there was some sympathy besides the support of some honest ministers. His life as a prince is really hard. However, people soon had to sit up and take notice of the young emperor, reprimanding the virtuous administration in the early stage of Hongzhi, and giving a stimulant to the chaotic court in the late stage of Chenghua, which gave the Ming Dynasty hope of revival.
Moreover, the emperor was surprisingly generous and kind, and even showed great tolerance to the Wan Guifei family who persecuted his biological mother. As for Wan Guifei herself, I didn't listen to my liegeman's advice and cut off my contacts with her. All this is out of a filial piety, filial piety to father and emperor, upholding tradition, giving priority to forgiveness and putting loyalty and filial piety first. It is for this reason that he was named filial piety after his death.
Including filial piety, the most important political measure is to vigorously build water conservancy, develop agriculture and prosper the economy. In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), in May, the Yellow River burst in Kaifeng, and Xiaozong ordered Bai Anling, the left assistant minister of the household department, to repair 50,000 people. In the fifth year of Hongzhi (1492), Susong River was silted and flooded. Xiao Zong ordered Guan Xu, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, to preside over the governance, which took nearly three years to complete. Since then, Susong has eliminated floods and once again become a land of plenty.
Due to the ups and downs of childhood life, Xiaozong has been weak and sick. However, filial piety is diligent in political affairs. Not only did they come to the early dynasty every day, but they also reopened the afternoon dynasty, giving ministers more opportunities to assist the emperor in handling government affairs. At the same time, a banquet was held again to give lectures, and ministers were asked for advice on how to govern the country. Xiaozong also set up Wenhua Hall to discuss politics. Its function was to discuss the way of governing the country and political affairs with the cabinet in the leisure time of the morning and afternoon dynasties. Emperor Xiaozong's diligence finally paid off. Hongzhi Dynasty was a peaceful period when the economy was prosperous and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. At that time, the officials were clean, the sages were appointed, the bureaucrats were restrained, the government was diligent, the economy was advocated and the people had a rest. Known by historians as "Hongzhi Zhongxing".
Filial piety is a rare emperor in the history of China who has been indifferent to women all his life. Not only does he not spoil his concubine, but he never becomes a concubine. He and Queen Zhang live a loving husband and wife life.
In the late period of filial piety, he became interested in Buddhism and Taoism. Filial piety has been in poor health because of his difficult childhood, and he hopes to change his physical condition through Buddhism and Taoism. As a result, some adulterers mixed into the palace again, which once again brought trouble to state affairs. Eunuch Li Guang is one of them, and won the trust of Xiaozong. Later, Li Guang committed suicide. Xiao Zong thought that there was a book in Li Guang's house and ordered people to search it, only to find Li Guang's account book of corruption and bribery. Filial piety realized this. The Li Guang incident awakened Emperor Xiaozong, who had been sleeping for many years, and he began the second and last diligent period in his life. Reuse Liu Daxia, Dai Shan and other sages.
In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), Xiaozong died on the seventh day of May at the age of 36. Before he died, he called Liu Jian, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian. Enter Ganqing Palace and accept his life. His life was passed on to Prince Zhu Houzhao. He told Zhu Qing, "The prince is smart, but he is still young and likes to have fun. Zhu Qing should help him well, so that he can shoulder the heavy responsibility. I will die peacefully. Finally, the last charge against Prince Zhu Houzhao was "appointing a good minister".
Historians of later generations spoke highly of Xiao Zong of Ming Dynasty, believing that he saved the crisis, cleared the order of Ning Dynasty, was thrifty and thrifty, and loved the people. He is the master of the country, and his achievements are no less than Mao and Cheng Zu. Personally speaking, it is better than success.
Hope to adopt! thank you