Plague, as a natural focus disease, is closely related to the ecological cycle of animals. Plague in Northeast China is no exception. It originated from groundhog, a small rodent widely distributed in Mongolia, Russia, Lake Baikal and northeast China. Groundhogs infected with plague will be blind, lose their voices, move slowly and be expelled from their nests by their own kind. Under normal circumstances, hunters will not bring infected marmots back as prey. However, with the development of fur technology in the 20th century, woodchuck fur can be compared with mink after processing. This makes the demand for groundhog fur surge, and groundhog has become a hot star in the world fur market. According to statistics, the price of marmot skin exported by 19 10 Manzhouli is 6 times higher than that of 1907. Huge profits attract a large number of inexperienced people to cross the border, even infected with groundhogs, and even skinned groundhogs are used as food. These people live in a humble inn, and dozens of people are crowded into one room. Due to the cold outdoor temperature in the northeast, the doors and windows where these people live are often closed. The plague broke out under such circumstances.
191012, the first case occurred in Manzhouli, and the edible marmot died within a few days after returning to the inn. Panicked people fled to four places along the railway and other trunk lines, resulting in an epidemic in Harbin on June 27, 2008/KLOC-0. 65438+1October 3 1 spread to Changchun. 19 1 1 year 1.2 years, there was a plague in Shenyang, and soon there were dead people. After the outbreak of the plague, Russia closed its borders and took strict measures of "chasing China while burning China" in the northeastern cities under its control, sending refugees from Shenyang to Changchun by train. At that time, Changchun was controlled by Japan and refugees were refused entry. As a result, many people did not get sick, but died of hunger and cold.
? Due to the different responses of China, Japan and Russia to the epidemic, the original defense system in Northeast China was almost out of control. Chinese medicine uses bloodletting therapy and acupuncture, and the result is often that doctors and patients are infected and mutually assured destruction. In Harbin, patients are isolated in hospitals transformed from public bathhouses. According to "History of Disaster Relief in China", at that time, the local government did not take any measures except isolating the patients found and giving funeral expenses after death. This situation continued until 3 1 year-old Lian Dewu was ordered to go to the epidemic area as the "chief medical officer with full authority for epidemic prevention in the three northeastern provinces" to organize and lead the prevention and control work.
? Lian Dewu was the first person from China to study in Cambridge. At the age of 24, he received a doctorate in medicine, a master's degree in surgery and a master's degree in literature from Cambridge University. He is familiar with modern epidemic prevention system. 1910 65438+On February 24th, Lian Dewu arrived in Harbin. At this time, six weeks have passed since the outbreak of the plague. The first thing he did was to determine the type of plague. In the world medical field at that time, it was generally believed that plague was transmitted from mice to humans, so the traditional plague was called bubonic plague. Lian Dewu dissected the patient's body, made tissue sections, and then made experimental observations, and found that the plague prevalent at that time was pneumonia.
? Lian Dewu put forward a management plan according to its infectious characteristics. First of all, the three northeastern provinces were completely isolated-blocking Shanhaiguan, stopping railways, establishing military defense lines, avoiding Spring Festival travel rush crowds going south and guarding against the plague. Then centralized corpse burning was adopted to eliminate the source of the virus, which had a great impact on the values of China people who were still used to burial at that time. Lian de Wuhai then contacted Beijing Daily, edited by Guangdong Zhu Qi, and asked them to publish the epidemic report as soon as they received it, so that the public could know about the epidemic.
? At that time, French doctor Mesnay volunteered to enter the epidemic area, but he died of infection because he did not wear a mask when examining the patient. Lian Dewu, on the other hand, asked all people related to the plague to wear a homemade "Wu mask" to prevent the spread of the plague and cross-infection in the quarantine area. Lian Dewu also asked people to set off firecrackers on New Year's Day, on the one hand, to inspire people's anti-epidemic morale, on the other hand, to disinfect houses with sulfur.
? After overcoming unimaginable difficulties and arduous work, the epidemic situation was finally effectively controlled, and the plague in Harbin stopped completely after 5438+0 on March 6. In other areas, the plague was also declared eradicated at the end of April. This plague was a huge "health revolution" for modern China, and China, which was still very poor and backward at that time, won this miraculous battle. The General Administration of Epidemic Prevention of the Three Northeast Provinces, which was established after the epidemic, became one of the most advanced health defense institutions in the world at that time, and also laid the embryonic form of the modern epidemic prevention system in China.