[Drug name] Heparin [alias] Heparin sodium, Heparin sodium, Praline. 【 Source 】 This product was originally taken from the liver, so it was named heparin. At present, it is mostly sulfate of mucopolysaccharide extracted from intestinal mucosa or liver and lung of pigs, sheep, cattle and other animals. [Description] White or white-like powder; It is hygroscopic. Soluble in water. 【 Action and use 】 It is an anticoagulant, which can prolong the coagulation time in vivo and in vitro. Its anticoagulant effect is extremely complex, which affects many links in the coagulation process. Its function can be achieved through several aspects: ① inhibiting the formation and function of thromboplastin, thus preventing prothrombin from being converted into thrombin; ② At high concentration, it has antithrombin effect, so that fibrinogen cannot be converted into fibrin; ③ It can prevent platelet aggregation and destruction. It is generally believed that the anticoagulant effect of heparin is related to negatively charged sulfate in its molecule, while positively charged alkaline substances such as protamine or toluidine blue can neutralize its negative charge, so it can inhibit its anticoagulant effect. Can be used for preventing and treating thrombosis and embolism caused by various reasons, such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular embolism, peripheral venous thrombosis, vascular surgery and disseminated intravascular coagulation caused by various reasons. Early application to prevent the depletion of fibrinogen and coagulation factors; It can also be used to replace citrate in blood transfusion or as an external anticoagulant during cardiopulmonary bypass. Oral and rectal administration of this product is ineffective and must be administered by injection. [Usage and dosage] Deep intramuscular injection: every time 10000- 12000 units, every 8- 12 hours/time. In order to relieve local pain, an appropriate amount of 2% procaine hydrochloride injection can be injected at the same time. Note: 5000 units each time, every 3-4 hours 1 time. The daily total is 25,000 units. Intravenous drip: use 1 20,000 units every 24 hours, dilute with 5% glucose injection or sterilized saline1,OOOml, and drip at the rate of 20-30 drops per minute. [Precautions] 1. Hemorrhagic and delayed coagulation diseases, liver and renal insufficiency, severe hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, ulcer, pregnant women, postpartum disabled. 2. Coagulation time should be determined regularly during medication. 3. The titer of this product shall not be lower than 140 unit/1 mg (calculated as dry product). 4. Intramuscular injection can cause local hematoma, and intravenous injection can produce reversible thrombocytopenia. Occasionally allergic reactions, such as asthma, urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and fever. Long-term use will cause temporary hair loss, osteoporosis and spontaneous fractures. Excessive dosage mainly leads to spontaneous bleeding. If the bleeding is serious, protamine sulfate can be injected intravenously for first aid (1? G protamine sulfate can neutralize 100 unit heparin). [Storage] Keep away from light and in a cool place. [Preparation] Injection: 1 ml: 5000 units each, 1 ml: 0/0.25 million units each.