Author: Cold Mountain and Snow
Editor/Cartographer: Remember the snow in Cold Mountain
Subtitle: What ancient cities are disappearing in Northeast China?
In the ancient history of China, the Great Wall was basically the dividing line between farming and nomadism. South of the Great Wall, called Guannei, is a farming civilization. On this basis, many cities exist.
The north of the Great Wall is called Saibei, which is a nomadic and fishing and hunting culture. We usually think that there will be no cities in nomadic and fishing and hunting areas, but in fact there have been several famous ancient cities in Saibei.
There are at least five famous ancient cities in the east of Saibei, that is, the northeast. They are Longquan House Ancient City in Beijing, Long Yuan House Ancient City in Tokyo in Bohai Sea, Huining House Ancient City in Beijing, Huangfu Ancient City in Beijing, and Dadingfu Ancient City in Beijing.
The general location of the five ancient cities
Shangjing Longquan fu ancient city
The ancient city of Longquanfu in Shangjing is located in Bohai Town, southwest of Ning 'an county-level city, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, on the east bank of Mudanjiang.
Longquan fu ancient city is located.
Longquanfu Ancient City is the capital of Bohai State in Tang Dynasty, which is called Haidong Guo Sheng in the northeast of China and is also one of the capitals of Bohai State. The earliest capital of Bohai Sea was in Aodongcheng, which is the southeast corner of Dunhua City, Jilin Province today. When the third monarch of Bohai Kingdom, Wen Wang Da Qinmao, was in power, he began to build Longquan Fucheng, and in 755 AD, he moved the capital here.
Administrative divisions of Bohai state
Attending Longquan House is divided into Outer City, Imperial City and Miyagi City. The outline of the ancient city is a regular rectangle, 3.3 kilometers long from north to south and 4.6 kilometers long from east to west. The imperial city is in the middle of the northern part of the outer city, and Miyagi is in the middle of the imperial city. The streets in the outer city are straight and vertical, dividing the residential area into regular squares. The planning of the whole capital city is obviously a complete imitation of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty.
Map of Shangjing Ruins
Planning of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty
King Wen of Bohai moved his capital to Longquan House for about 30 years, and moved his capital to Long Yuan House in Tokyo in about 785. However, after the death of King Wen, in 794, Bohai Kingdom became king, moved its capital back to Longquan House, and remained stable as the capital of Bohai Kingdom 130 years.
In 926 AD, the Khitan conquered the Bohai Sea and moved most of the residents of the Bohai Sea, including people inside and outside Longquan House in Beijing, to Liaodong. The remaining Bohai people moved south to the Korean peninsula and Longquan Fucheng because of their failure to resist the Khitan. At that time, the largest city in Northeast Asia was in ruins.
Longquanfu site
The ancient city of Long Yuan, Tokyo
Tokyo Long Yuan House is located in the western suburb of Hunchun City, Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province today, on the border between China and North Korea, on the east bank of Tumen River, less than 60 kilometers away from the Sea of Japan.
Location of plateau prefecture in Tokyo
Longyuanfu is the third capital of Bohai. Less than 30 years after King Wen moved to Longquan House in Beijing, he began to build Longyuan House in Tokyo. Around 785, King Wen moved his capital to Long Yuan and died in 793. The following year, King Cheng, who succeeded to the throne, moved the capital back to Beijing. Long Yuan briefly served as the capital of Bohai Sea for less than ten years, and then it still served as the capital of Tokyo in Bohai Sea.
The specific location of Long Yuan Prefecture in Tokyo.
The outline of Longyuan House is also a regular rectangle. Unlike Longquan House in Beijing, Longyuan House is slightly longer from north to south, about 760m, and slightly shorter from east to west, about 765,438+00m. It is also an outer city and an inner city, and its overall scale is much smaller than that of Beijing.
Overview of Long Yuan Ancient City
Overview of Long Yuan Ancient City
In 926, after the Khitan conquered Bohai, like the fate of Longquan House in Beijing, most residents were evacuated and the ancient city gradually became a ruin.
Long Yuan House Old City Wall Site (Baliancheng Site)
Jinshangjing Huiningfu Ancient City
Huining Fucheng is located in the southern suburb of Acheng District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, on the west bank of Ashe River.
Jin Shangjing Huiningfu Ancient Town Location
Huining Fucheng is the first capital of Jin State. During the period of Hong Yan Agoudas in Jin Taizu, there were no battlements, only felt tents. Emperor Taizong of Jin started to build the imperial city in the period of Yan Wan and Wu Qimai (1 124). 1 138 the construction of the outer city is completed and it is designated as entering Beijing.
The outline of the old city in Huining county
Huining Fucheng is divided into two cities, north and south, which are generally rectangular. At first, only Beicheng 1 146 was expanded on a large scale, which laid the outline of Nancheng. The urban planning of North and South City is modeled after Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The central axis runs through the north and south, and the streets are vertical and horizontal. At present, the height of the remaining city wall is still about 5 meters, and the thickness of the city foundation is 7 to 10 meters.
Huiningfu Ancient City Wall Site
The wall root of Huining Fucheng after heavy snow cover.
The wall root of Huining Fucheng after heavy snow cover.
Huining Prefecture has been the capital of Jin for 30 years. 1 153, Wan Yanliang moved the capital to Yanjing. Four years later, Huining House was abolished as the capital of Beijing, and palaces and temples were also demolished. 1 173, when Jin Shizong was in office, he resumed the title of "going to Beijing" and became the capital of Xu Jin. 1 18 1 year, Jin Shizong rebuilt its capital, rebuilt palaces and temples, and laid blue bricks on the surface of the city wall.
Restoration map of Huining imperial city in Shangjing
After Mongolia destroyed the gold, Huining City was destroyed, but the blue bricks of the city wall were still intact. By the Yuan Dynasty, it had become a post station with few residents, which was no longer a grand occasion of the Jin Dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, the deputy of Aleciuka was located on the north side of Shangcheng site. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Deputy Commander Al Chookiat Sakveerakul demolished the blue bricks on the wall of Shangdu City to build Acheng County, leaving only the earth wall of Shangdu City.
Map of Huining Building Site
Liaoshang Beijing faces the ancient city of Fu Huang.
The location of Huang Lin Fucheng is very important. It is located in the southeast suburb of Balinzuoqi, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, along the Urjimulun River, a tributary of the West Liaohe River, with Daxinganling in the west and Horqin Grassland in the east.
Location of Liao government
Huanglinfu is the earliest capital of the Khitan Kingdom, and the book of Liao Taizu (Lu Ye Baoji) began to be built in 908. In 927, after Emperor Taizong of Liao succeeded to the throne, Lu Ye Deguang began to expand on a large scale. By 938, the capital construction of Attending Beijing was basically completed. In the same year, the capital was changed from Imperial Capital to Attending Beijing Huanglinfu.
Qidan nationality
After the completion, Liao went to Beijing, divided into two cities, the north and the south. The northern city is called the imperial city, inhabited by Khitans, and the southern city is called Seoul, inhabited by Han people, which is also a reflection of Liao country, one country, two systems.
Plan of Shanghai Huang Lin Building
After Jin destroyed Liao, the government remained, but the road was changed. However, after the destruction of gold in the Yuan Dynasty, Huanglincheng was gradually abandoned, and the Urjimulun River crossed the city, basically destroying the walls of Cheng Nan.
Summary of satellite map of Shanghai near Fu Huang
Aerial photo of Shanghai Linhuangfu ancient city site
Landscape map of Linhuangfu ancient city site in Shangjing
The ancient city of Dingfu, Jingda, in central Liaoning.
Dadingfu is located in Daming Town, west of Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia 10 km, on the north bank of Laoha River, a tributary of Xiliao River.
Location of Dingfu Ancient Town in Jingda, Central Liaoning
Dading House was built in the 21st year of Emperor Sheng Zong of Liao Dynasty (Yelulongxu) (1003), and was basically completed in four years, and was designated as the capital of Liao Dynasty. The construction of Dading Mansion was more than 60 years later than that of Huang Lin Mansion. At that time, Liao was in its heyday. After the alliance between Yuan Tan and Song Dynasty, China civilization flooded into Liao country. The urban planning of Dading Prefecture is almost the same as that of Bianliang City in Song Dynasty, and its area is much larger than that of Huang Lin Prefecture.
Plan of Central Liaoning and Beijing
Song-Tokyo Kaifeng Plan
Beijing is 3.5 kilometers wide from north to south and 4.2 kilometers long from east to west. The east-west width of the north side of Beijing is only 1.7 km, and the north-south length is only 2.8 km, which is only one third of Beijing's area. In addition, it is not as regular as Beijing.
Plan Outline of Beijing in Central Liaoning Province
After Jin destroyed Liao, Zhongjing Dading House was changed to Beijing Road Dading House, and the city was still preserved. After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the gold, Dading House was changed to Daning Road, and the ancient city of Dading remained, becoming the largest city on the grassland except Yuan Dynasty.
After Zhu Yuanzhang expelled the Yuan Dynasty, he seized Daning area and enfeoffed his son Zhu Quan as King Ning, guarding Daning area. The original Daning Road was renamed Daningwei, and the imperial city of Liao Dynasty in the city directly became the palace of Ning Wang. During the war of Jingnan, Judy, the prince of Yan, took Wang Ning's family and his soldiers to Beijing and burned the ancient city of Daning. The ancient city of Dading (Daning), which has been prosperous for 392 years, is in ruins.
Landscape of Twin Towers in Liaozhongjing Site
Abandoned ruins in central Liaoning and Beijing
Next update, the disappearing ancient city of Saibei (part two).
This article is the original article of Hanshan History Lecture Hall. Please indicate the source and original author of the article.
For more historical articles, please pay attention to the headline number: Hanshan History Lecture Hall; Wechat official account: Hanshan spray history.