China Tea Ceremony is an organic combination of "the way to drink tea", "the way to drink tea" and "the way to drink tea". "The way of drinking tea" refers to the art of drinking tea, and "Tao" here talks about methods and skills; "Tea ceremony" refers to respecting ceremony and benevolence, and cultivating self-cultivation through the art of drinking tea. "Tao" here is about morality, truth and origin; "Tea is the Tao" means that Tao exists in daily life, and tea is the Tao. "Tao" here is about truth, reality, noumenon and origin. The following are explained separately.
First, China Tea Ceremony: The Way to Drink Tea
In Feng Shiwen Ji Jian, volume 6, Drinking Tea, which was engraved in the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded: "Lu Hung-chien, a Chu man, talked about the efficacy of tea and the method of frying and baking tea. Twenty-four tea sets were made, put in cages, admired far and near, and one was hidden in a busybody's house. There are always bears, and they are widely decorated by hung-chien's theory, so tea ceremony is popular and all princes and ministers drink it. "
Lu Hung-chien mentioned by the Feng family is Lu Yu, whose real name is Hung-chien, whose real name is Ji Ji and whose real name is Sang Zhuweng. He was born in Jingling, Fuzhou (now Tianmen County, Hubei Province) in the Tang Dynasty. Lu Yu wrote the Tea Classic in three volumes, divided into ten chapters, namely, the source of one, the instrument of two, the creation of three, the instrument of four, the cooking of five, the drinking of six, the seven things, the emergence of eight, the outline of nine and the picture of ten. "Four Instruments" describes twenty-four kinds of utensils such as baking tea, boiling water, frying tea and drinking tea, which is called "twenty-four styles of tea set" by Feng. "Five Boils and Six Drinks" discusses in detail the procedures and laws of baking tea, grinding tea, taking fire, selecting water, boiling water, frying tea and making tea. Feng's "tea ceremony" refers to the "way of drinking tea" advocated by Lu Yu's Tea Classic. The Book of Tea is not only the first book on tea science in the world, but also the first book on tea ceremony. China Tea Ceremony was formed in the middle Tang Dynasty. Lu Yu was the originator of China Tea Ceremony and was honored as Cha Sheng. The way of drinking tea advocated by Lu Yu in Tea Classic is actually an artistic way of drinking tea, which includes a series of procedures, ceremonies and rules such as tea tasting, water selection, appreciation, ignition, baking, grinding, boiling water, frying tea, making tea and drinking. China Tea Ceremony is a way and art of drinking tea.
China's "Way of Drinking Tea" is recorded not only in the Tea Classics, but also in many tea books, such as Tea Records by Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Daguan Tea Theory by Evonne in Song Huizong, Tea Spectrum by Zhu Quan in the Ming Dynasty, Tea Spectrum by Qian Chunnian, Tea Records by and Tea Book by Xu Cishu. Today's "congou tea" in Chaoshan area of Guangdong Province and Wuyi area of Fujian Province is the inheritance and representative of China's ancient "way of drinking tea". The procedures and rules of congou tea are as follows: welcome guests to the table, burn incense and keep quiet, the weather is fine, Ye Jia rewards guests, the rock springs are boiling at the beginning, Chen Yumulin, Oolong enters the palace, hangs a pot high, the spring breeze blows the face, washes the fairy face, bathes in chenchen, the jade pot inclines at the beginning, Guan Gong goes to Han Xin to lead troops, appreciates the soup color, protects the tripod with three dragons, and enjoys the fragrance and enjoys the morning.
Second, the China Tea Ceremony: drinking tea for monasticism.
Jiao Ran, a close friend and poet of Lu Yu, wrote in the poem "Drinking Tea Songs Makes Cui Shi King": "Drinking it will make you sleepy and feel good all over the sky; Drink my god again, and suddenly it is like flying rain and sprinkling light dust; After three drinks, you will get the word. Why bother? ..... I am familiar with all the principles of tea ceremony, only Dan Qiu is like this. " Jiao Ran believes that drinking tea can clear the mind, gain enlightenment and be true, and the immortal Dan Qiu Zi knows the method. The "tea ceremony" in Jiao Ran's poems is the earliest record of "tea ceremony".
Lu Tong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Writing a Pen to Thank Meng for Persuading to Send New Tea", commonly known as "Seven Bowls of Tea". This poem is very popular, so it is widely circulated. Lu Tong is as famous as Lu Yu. Known as the "Asian sage" of tea. "A bowl of throat kiss embellish, two bowls of broken lonely stuffy. Three bowls of heartbroken, only five thousand words. Four bowls of sweat, life is not smooth, scattered to the pores. Five bowls of bones and muscles are clear, and six bowls are immortal. You can't eat seven bowls. I only feel that there is a slight wind blowing under my arm. "
Qian Qi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Tea Banquet with Zhao Ju": "If you forget your words, you will win. The heart of dust is hard to wash, and the shadows of trees are oblique. "There is a saying in the poem" Tea Song of Taoist priests in Xiling "written by poets in the Tang Dynasty that" the fragrance is sparse and the teeth are white, and the crane's heart is bright ". "These poems say that drinking tea can make people' pass the immortal spirit',' pass the ghost' and' wash away the dust' and become immortal, which is more useful than taking medicine in an alchemist.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Liu advocated that tea has "ten virtues", saying, "Use tea to relieve depression, expel sleeping qi, nourish vitality, eliminate diseases, benefit people, respect them, taste them, do them, and aspire to Kaya." Drinking tea makes people respectful, polite, kind, elegant and feasible.
Evonne's "Daguan Tea Theory" says that tea is "clear and harmonious", "diluted and leisurely and pure, with high and quiet rhyme", and "people in the world are inspirational and naive, but only for leisure." Zhu Quan's Tea Classic in the Ming Dynasty recorded: "Learn the method of making tea, use rice and tea, change the new to the new, and become a family of its own. ..... is to talk about bullying with guests, sound out the air, and get rid of the dust. " Evonne is Song Huizong and Zhu Quan is the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang. As emperors, they wrote tea books and practiced tea ceremony.
From the above, it can be seen that drinking tea can be respectful and polite, benevolent and refined, lead to harmony, wash away dust, gain truth, explore emptiness and participate in nature. In a word, drinking tea can cultivate monasticism, and China Tea Ceremony means "drinking tea to cultivate monasticism".
Third, China Tea Ceremony: Drinking tea is the way.
Laozi thought: "Taoism is natural". Zhuangzi believes that "Tao" is universally internalized in all things, "omnipresent" and "inescapable". Zen master Mazu Yi Dao advocated "a normal mind is the Tao", while disciple Pang Yunju said "using divine power to transport water and firewood skillfully", while another disciple, Zen master Dazhu Huihai, thought that the practice of Buddhism was "to eat when hungry and sleep when sleepy". Zen master Yi Xuan, the third disciple of Yi Dao and the founder of Lin Jizong, added: "Buddhism is useless, but it is nothing. Send urine, wear clothes to eat, and sleep when you are sleepy. " Tao is inseparable from daily life: you don't need to use kung fu to do ordinary things in daily life, just do it unintentionally and let nature take its course. Live naturally, do things naturally, carry water and firewood, wear clothes to eat, wash and boil water, make tea and drink tea, and be untidy.
"Five Lights Meeting Yuan" Nanyue III: "Nanquan wishes the Zen master to be the heir, and the Zen master of Zhaozhou School asks the newcomer,' Have you been here?' Said, "I've been there." The teacher said, "Let's have tea." Asked the monk again, the monk said,' I haven't arrived yet. The teacher said,' Let's have tea. The owner of the backyard asked, "Why do you go to Ye Yun for tea, but never go to Ye Yun for tea?" The teacher called the master of the hospital, and the master promised the teacher,' Let's have tea.' "Cong Pat is a disciple of Nanquan Puyuan and a disciple of Mazu Yi Dao. Although Pu Yuan and Chen Cong did not establish the patriarchal school, they had a great influence in Zen. Tea Zen blindly, the Tao lies in the daily life of eating tea, the Tao does not need to be repaired, and eating tea is to be repaired. Later, Zen Buddhism took "going to tea" as "the front of the machine" and "the cause of action", which was widely circulated. Mr. Zhao Puchu, a contemporary Buddhist master, said in a poem: "It is better to hold 100,000 poems without tea."
The fourth generation of "Wu Guang Hui Yuan" in South Vietnam: "The Buddhist Zen Master in Weishan and the Buddhist Zen Master in Yangshan, ... asked again:' Do monks still keep precepts?' The teacher said,' Don't keep the precepts. Say,' Are you still meditating?' The teacher said, "No meditation." It has been a long time. The teacher said,' Will it?' You said,' No,' the teacher said,' I heard an old monk say,' I don't keep precepts, I don't meditate, and I drink three or two bowls of tea to rob my head. "Yangshan Huiji is a disciple of the inheritance method of Weishan Lingbi, and master and apprentice jointly founded the five schools of Zen. Hui Ji believes that there is no need to observe precepts or meditate, just drink tea and work.
Taoism is nature, and cultivation is drinking tea. Simple way, boiling water and frying tea, is nothing more than Tao. Drinking tea is the Tao, which is the result of cultivation, the wisdom after enlightenment, the highest realm of life and the ultimate pursuit of China tea ceremony. Let nature take its course, do it unintentionally, drink if you want, and do it if you want. Don't stick to the procedures, rituals and rules of tea drinking, but be simple and innocent in natural tea drinking.
Third, China Tea Ceremony: the combination of art, cultivation and Taoism.
To sum up, China Tea Ceremony has three meanings: the way to drink tea, the way to raise tea and the way to drink tea. The way of drinking tea is the art of drinking tea, which is a comprehensive art. It combines with poetry, calligraphy and painting, architecture and natural environment, and raises drinking tea from daily material life to spiritual and cultural level. Tea drinking practice is to put practice into the art form of tea drinking, focusing on self-cultivation and understanding Taoism; Drinking tea is the highest pursuit and realm of China Tea Ceremony, and boiling water to make tea is nothing more than a wonderful way.
In China tea ceremony, the way of drinking tea is the foundation, the purpose of raising tea is the goal, and the way of drinking tea is the foundation. The way of drinking tea focuses on aesthetic artistry; Tea drinking and monasticism pay attention to moral practice; Drinking tea is the way, focusing on religious philosophy.
China Tea Ceremony integrates religion, philosophy, aesthetics, morality and art, and it is a combination of art, practice and Taoism. In the tea ceremony, the art form of tea drinking is set for the purpose of cultivation, and the art of tea drinking and cultivation are combined into one, without knowing that art is Tao and Tao is art.
China Tea Ceremony is not only the art of drinking tea, but also the art of life.