/kloc-in the first half of the 0/9th century, western capitalism developed rapidly, and it is urgent to open up a larger commodity sales market and raw material producing areas. China, the largest and most populous city in Asia, became their ideal target.

At that time, China's national strength declined, and its internal and external troubles were serious, and it was on the eve of great changes. The invasion of western capitalism has intensified the crisis of the Chinese nation. 1840, the destruction of opium by Lin Zexu and Humen became the fuse of the first opium war, and Britain launched a war of aggression against China. 1842 in August, the Qing government was forced to sign the treaty of nanking.