Early porcelain appeared in China around the middle of Shang Dynasty. After a long period of development and evolution, China's porcelain-making technology has become increasingly mature, and famous porcelain kilns have appeared all over the country. Five famous kilns, such as Ru kiln, Guan kiln, Ge kiln, Jun kiln and Ding kiln, and a number of porcelain capitals represented by Jingdezhen have appeared.
As far as the porcelain capital is concerned, according to the accepted statement in the industry, there are three cities in China that enjoy the title of porcelain capital, namely Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, Liling in Hunan and Dehua in Fujian.
Jingdezhen enjoys a long reputation and has been making porcelain for the royal family for more than 900 years.
China is a country of porcelain, and the peak of porcelain industry is this capital. Jingdezhen porcelain is the representative of China porcelain, and it is known as the porcelain capital. As early as the Han Dynasty, Jingdezhen produced porcelain.
According to historical records, "Xinping smelting pottery began in Han Dynasty". Jingdezhen was called Xinping Town in ancient times, which shows that Jingdezhen has been making porcelain for more than two thousand years. In the Five Dynasties, Jingdezhen fired white porcelain in the south for the first time, which broke the monopoly of celadon in the south. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Jingdezhen porcelain industry developed rapidly. In northern Song Zhenzong, a royal kiln was established in Jingdezhen to burn porcelain for the royal family, and a royal factory was established in Zhushan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which became the center of porcelain making in China. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Jingdezhen had been making porcelain for the royal family for more than 900 years.
The world-famous porcelain comes from Liling, which is famous for its colorful underglaze colors.
The so-called "world-famous porcelain comes from Liling" is the porcelain produced by Liling generation, especially the underglaze porcelain, which is of high quality and enjoys a high reputation.
Liling is located in the east of Hunan Province. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were large-scale pottery workshops in the suburbs of Liling. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Liling began to burn coarse porcelain. After a hundred years of development, the world-famous underglaze color was successfully fired in Liling at the end of Guangxu. Underglaze has represented China in many domestic and international competitions and achieved good results. Since then, it has been well-known at home and abroad, known as the "peak of oriental ceramic art" and has become a must in Liling.
Fujian Dehua is famous at home and abroad, and is known as the ceramic capital of the world.
Fujian Dehua ceramics production has a long history of 1000 years, and it is one of the cradles of China ceramic culture. Different from Jingdezhen's official kiln background, Dehua has been an important base for exporting porcelain since ancient times.
As early as the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Dehua porcelain was on the international porcelain altar, enjoying a good reputation at home and abroad, and was known as "China White". During this period, Quanzhou Port became the largest port in the East. With this convenience, Dehua porcelain went to all parts of the world by sea and became an important commodity of the "Maritime Silk Porcelain Road". Dehua's porcelain industry is fired on a large scale and widely distributed. Dehua is rich in mountains, water and minerals, and Dehua ceramics have good innate conditions. In ancient times, ancient porcelain kilns were everywhere, from cities to mountain villages to dense forests. At present, Dehua County has found 238 kiln sites from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, and there are ancient kiln sites in 18 towns in the county. Dehua porcelain industry declined after the late Qing Dynasty, but today Dehua craft ceramics have revived. More than 80% of Dehua ceramics products are exported to 190 countries and regions, which have great influence overseas and have been awarded the title of "Ceramic Capital of the World" by the World Arts and Crafts Council.