The Qing army killed 25,000 people and only knew the names of the generals.
Beiyang navy prefect Ding refused Ito Tomohiro's surrender and thanked China people with opium.
Liu Zhuanglie, the right-wing company commander of Beiyang Navy, died.
Deng Shichang, captain of Zhiyuan Ship, died heroically.
Lin Yongsheng, the ship management belt of "Town within Town", was killed in the Sino-Japanese War.
Zuo, the company commander, was the first person who died heroically in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Shen Shouchang, the first mate and leader of Jiyuan Ship, died in the fierce battle. Only 32 years old.
Ke Zhangjian, an officer of the Second Artillery Corps of Jiyuan Ship, was unfortunately shot and killed in the chest.
The heroic deeds of the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895
Deng Shichang, the captain of Zhiyuan Ship, attacked the Japanese First Guerrilla Fleet when the warship was seriously damaged and the ammunition was insufficient. Later, due to the big explosion, he refused to rescue the torpedo boat and sank with it.
Lin Yongsheng fought bravely under the siege of four dominant Japanese cruisers, containing some Japanese ships and finally sinking into the water.
Chinese and American warships confront each other in the Taiwan Province Strait.
Process: first exercise, then the American aircraft carrier comes, and then solve it peacefully.
Background: Lee Teng-hui engages in Taiwan independence!
Are you satisfied?
Russian fleet interspersed with Japan
1904, 10 In February, Russia and Japan declared war on each other at the same time, which was called the Russo-Japanese War in history.
The main battlefields of the Russo-Japanese War were in the northeast of China and the Korean Peninsula. This war made the northeast of China "thousands of miles apart, almost the same as bare land". It not only seriously violated China's territory and sovereignty, but also caused great losses and casualties to the people in northeast China during the war.
The Russo-Japanese War also affected Lu Xun who was studying in Japan at that time. Therefore, Lu Xun abandoned medicine and became a writer. At that time, Lu Xun was watching a slide show in Japan: a Chinese detective who worked for the Russian army was captured by the Japanese army and was being beheaded, while a group of strong but insensitive China people were watching with relish. Long live the Japanese students clapping their hands and cheering, and the sound shook the roof tiles, which deeply hurt Lu Xun, so he left angrily and decided to awaken the Chinese people with literature and art.
The Russo-Japanese War was also the first important war in modern history in which Asian countries defeated European countries, which made Japan's domestic militaristic forces rise and become a new imperialist country. Uneven distribution of spoils after the war also laid the groundwork for the outbreak of the First World War.
/kloc-At the end of 0/9, this war broke out because both Japan and Russia wanted to occupy the territory of northeast China.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, Japan embarked on the capitalist road through the Meiji Restoration, and there was a climax of the industrial revolution, which urgently needed to export goods and capital and seize resources at the same time. Therefore, the Japanese Chiefs of Staff formulated the "Mainland Policy" in an attempt to capture Taiwan Province Province, annex Korea, March into Manchuria, and finally occupy China, conquer Asia and dominate the world.
Beiyang Navy was completely annihilated in the Sino-Japanese War.
1In July, 894, Japan, which had been planning for a long time, launched the Toshima naval battle, and the Qing government rushed to fight, which eventually wiped out the Beiyang Navy. In desperation, the Qing government concluded the treaty of shimonoseki with Japan, cut off Taiwan Province Province, Penghu Islands and Liaodong Peninsula, and gave Japan a truce.
Looking at Japan's success, it is Russia north of Liaodong Peninsula that is more anxious than the Qing government.
/kloc-In the middle of the 0/9th century, Russia was defeated in the Crimean War. Russia, which occupied the Balkans and failed to expand to Europe, turned its attention to the Far East and formulated the "Yellow Russia Plan" with the intention of annexing China's territory and making the north of the Great Wall "Yellow Russia".
Therefore, Russia also covets Liaodong Peninsula and is included in the "Yellow Russia Plan". After treaty of shimonoseki, Russia, Germany and France planned a "triple interference" incident, and the three countries sent a fleet to demonstrate along the Japanese coast. At the same time, Russia sent nearly 300,000 troops to the Far East, forcing Japan to finally give up its occupation of Liaodong Peninsula.
Since then, taking advantage of Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, Russia has completely invaded the three northeastern provinces and maintained its military occupation status to 1904. Russia's expansion in the Far East was too strong, which frightened the western powers, but no country was willing to intervene in person, so it turned its attention to the newly rising Japan. 1902, anglo-japanese alliance came into effect, which indirectly helped Japan in the Russo-Japanese naval battle.
In fact, after the three countries intervened and abandoned the Liaodong Peninsula, instead of giving up its aggression against the northeast of China, Japan hung the words "take courage" at the main entrance of the shrine to show its determination. 1904, Japan broke off diplomatic relations with Russia in February and declared war after repeatedly demanding to withdraw its troops from Russia.
For all this, the attitude of the Qing government was "no one can afford to be offended", so at the suggestion of Yuan Shikai, the Qing government expressed "neutrality". In fact, during this period, the people of Liaodong Peninsula were abused by Russia for a long time, so the people even supported Japan to declare war.
The battle route of Lushun was frustrated.
The battle of Lushun, which broke out in July, was the longest battle in the Russo-Japanese War and the first large-scale modern fortress siege in the world. Among them, the battle of "203 Highland" in Dalian is the most cruel main battlefield in the western defense line of Lushun.
1September, 904, Nogi Maresuke, commander of the Third Army of the Japanese Army, personally went to the front line to direct the attack on Highland 203, and the Japanese army violently attacked with howitzers and other siege guns. After the Russian ring trench was destroyed, the guards were lost, and the two sides fought with grenades and white blades. The battlefield was bloody and both sides suffered heavy casualties.
Nogi Maresuke is a staunch supporter of the policy of foreign aggression and expansion. His youngest son was killed by Russian troops when he attacked Highland 203. He said calmly: He finally had a chance to serve the emperor.
Because both sides invested a lot of advanced weapons and radio equipment such as grenades and Maxim machine guns, the battle of Lushun was considered as a preview of trench warfare in World War I. ..
1905 After the Mukden meeting in March, US President theodore roosevelt was entrusted by the Japanese government to make representations to Russia.
At this time, the economic strength of the United States rose sharply. In the Spanish-American War of 1898, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines were captured as their own colonies, with the aim of repartitioning the colonies. However, the United States has been reluctant to confront the powers directly. Instead, it took advantage of the contradiction between the great powers, advocated an open door, an equal distribution of benefits, and earned war money by the way.
When Roosevelt mediated, Russia still hoped for the reinforcements of the Baltic Fleet, hoping to reverse the defeat and not accepting mediation. In May, the Russian fleet finally arrived in the offshore of Japan and began to fight against the Japanese fleet in Ma Haixia. The naval battle against Malaysia is one of the most disastrous naval battles in the history of naval warfare. The Japanese army wiped out the Baltic fleet in two days, losing only three torpedo boats. At this point, the Russian Pacific Fleet and the Baltic Fleet were completely annihilated.
After 19 months of fighting, Japanese manpower and financial resources will be exhausted, while Russia has been defeated one after another, and a revolutionary crisis is brewing in China. The two sides held peace talks in the United States in September 1905 and signed the Portsmouth Peace Treaty. After this war, the Russian navy was devastated and Japan became the first imperialist power in Asia.
The Russo-Japanese War, the Spanish-American War and the Ying Bu War are juxtaposed as symbolic wars when capitalist countries develop into imperialism. The purpose of the unjust war of colonialists is to carve up colonial interests again. While their rampant plunder brought great suffering to the colonial people, the uneven distribution of spoils also laid the groundwork for the outbreak of the First World War.
Historical evaluation
1. The Russo-Japanese War is an imperialist war, and it is one of the main historical symbols of imperialism in the new era of world history. For Japan and Russia, this is an out-and-out imperialist war to carve up and re-carve up colonies, and it is a war for hegemony in the Far East.
-Historian Wang Chunliang
2. Established Japan's status as a powerful country and changed the balance of power in the Far East. More importantly, for the first time in history, an Asian country defeated a European country and it was a great empire. This has had an inspiring impact on the whole of Asia.
-Stavri Anoos, global history.
Sino-Russian European maritime military exercise goes straight into the hinterland of NATO.
What's the big deal about a China warship sailing into a lake in Europe?
There were many military exercises and trainings in July, most of which were related to China.
10, a 10-day joint military exercise between the United States, Japan and India was launched in the Bay of Bengal, and the entire aircraft carrier was dispatched, with the largest scale in history. Foreign media quoted US military sources as saying that the move was aimed at deterring China.
13 The media revealed that several bombers from China crossed the Miyako Strait, and a week later, they came again. Our response to this is domineering: "Just get used to it."
17 according to CCTV reports, recently, a brigade of the Tibet Military Region was fully armed and maneuvered to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at an altitude of 5,000 meters for live-fire drills.
At this "juncture", the annual routine joint military exercise between China and Russia was officially launched. It is worth noting that the Sino-Russian "Maritime Joint -20 17" is somewhat different from previous years.
Run halfway around the world for an internship.
Before the official start of the military exercise, some American media commented: "This was incredible ten years ago."
Americans say this because the sea area of this exercise is located in the hinterland of Europe: the Baltic Sea.
This is the first time that China has conducted exercises in this sea area, and some even commented that this is the longest voyage for China navy to participate in joint exercises overseas.
According to reports, as early as June 18, China's naval fleet set sail from Sanya, passing through the South China Sea, the Straits of Malacca, the Bay of Bengal, the Octave Strait, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Mediterranean Sea. About a month later, I sailed 19000 kilometers to Bolosk, an important Russian military port in the Baltic Sea.
Although Zheng Zhijun had visited the sea area before he discovered the Chinese fleet, there was no military exercise at that time, so this long trip was of great significance. Some domestic media commented that the voyage across half the world has to go through all kinds of complicated sea areas, and after a long voyage, it will continue to be put into exercise, which is unprecedented for the China navy. At the same time, American media commented that this move was a "milestone" for China to send troops from a long distance.
Military exercise site
However, this exercise is doomed not to make everyone happy. According to public reports, NATO criticized the exercise as "provocative".
Not against a third country.
The Baltic Sea is embedded in the hinterland of northern Europe, also known as the European inner lake. For a long time, it is not only the "window" for Russia to face Europe and go out to the ocean in the west, but also the key for the United States and NATO to master the "golden waterway" in Europe. In addition, the three countries along the Baltic Sea belonged to the Soviet Union during the Cold War, so the struggle between the relevant countries in this sea area has long been an open secret. When the mysterious submarine incident broke out in 20 14, Russian experts even thought that the Baltic Sea might become "the hottest front of the new cold war".
The defense departments of China and Russia have always emphasized the peaceful purpose of the exercise and said that the exercise is not aimed at a third country, which still cannot dispel the concerns of NATO countries. On the way to the exercise area for China's participation in the fleet, NATO was very vigilant and even sent warships to watch.
However, the attitude of NATO countries that "only state officials are allowed to set fires and people are not allowed to light lamps" seems to be somewhat "petty". According to the report, on July 20th, the NATO multinational military exercise codenamed "Saber Guardian -20 17" just ended in Bulgaria. Three days later, another NATO multinational military exercise "Haifeng -20 17" came to an end in the Black Sea.
The "provocation" in NATO's mouth is difficult to establish. Wu Enyuan, an expert on Russian issues at the China Academy of Social Sciences, told the media that the Sino-Russian Baltic military exercise, if targeted, is not aimed at the United States and NATO, but against international hegemonism.
Sino-Russian "home and away" rotation
This military exercise is not an improvisation.
Since 20 12, Sino-Russian joint military exercises have kept the annual rhythm and been held in the waters near China and Russia in turn.
age
20 12
20 13
20 14
20 15-Ⅰ
20 15-Ⅱ
20 16
20 17-Ⅰ
20 17-Ⅱ
sea area
Yellow Sea
Black paint; (Japan) Japan
Sea and airspace in northern East China Sea of China
Mediterranean region
Black paint; (Japan) Japan
South China Sea in China
Baltic region
Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan
Surface ship
English: 16
Russia: 7
English: 7
Russia: 1 1
English: 8
Russia: 6
English: 3
Russia: 6
English: 7
Russia: 16
English: 8
Russia: 5
Combing the exercises of previous years, we found an interesting rule. If measured by the distance of the exercise sea area, China and Russia can be regarded as "home and away games" in turn: the 20 12 exercise was held in the Yellow Sea near Qingdao, China, the 20 13 exercise was held in the Sea of Japan near Vladivostok, Russia, and the 20 14 exercise was held in the sea and airspace north of the East China Sea in China. 20 15 The first stage was in the Mediterranean Sea, and the second stage of the actual military exercise was held in Peter the Great Bay and the Sea of Japan in the Russian Far East. 20 16 Sino-Russian joint military exercise was held in the South China Sea of China for the first time.
According to published reports, this year's exercise is the most similar to 20 15, and it is divided into two stages: the first stage is in European waters, and the second stage is in the Sea of Japan.
China warships "pull the wind"
The report shows that the theme of this military exercise is joint rescue and joint protection of the safety of maritime economic activities, and three exercise objectives have been set: improving the cooperation efficiency of the Chinese and Russian navies in responding to maritime threats, practicing the coordination of crew actions, and consolidating the cooperation between the Chinese and Russian navies.
For China, the task of carrying these targets falls on three surface ships and ship-borne helicopters, as well as several marines. Interestingly, as mentioned above, China's military exercise lineup attracted the tail of NATO warships on the way to Europe, and related reports attracted heated discussion among local netizens. Many people think that, by contrast, China's warships are really "cool".
According to the British "Daily Mail" reported on July 19, when the Russian naval formation going to China to participate in the maritime joint performance passed through the English Channel, the Royal Navy dispatched the frigate "Richmond" to follow and escort the relevant sea areas. And this caused the spit of British netizens. Feel it:
"Their destroyers look modern and efficient, unlike our tired old Richmond."
"Their warships look much better than our rusty junk!"
"Modern China warships are escorted by frigates for 24 years, which is very embarrassing."
Compared with China warships, the old Richmond in Britain is really a bit embarrassed. So which British warships are they?
According to the report, the Chinese fleet participating in the exhibition includes three ships: the 052D guided missile destroyer Hefei, the 054A guided missile frigate Yuncheng and the integrated supply ship Roman Lake. Readers who are familiar with China Navy models will know at a glance that, according to the advanced level, it is almost the strongest lineup in active service in China.
Hefei ship
Both 052D and 054A are the most advanced models of China Navy, among which Hefei has not been in service for two years, and the Roman Lake nicknamed "Nanny" has just been in service 1 year. In addition, it is worth mentioning that at the same time as the exercise, it is also a combination of destroyer+frigate+supply ship. China's navy ships Changchun, Jingzhou and Chaohu arrived in Greece on 23rd for a friendly visit.
Hope to adopt