In the second year of Yuan Xing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (404), Emperor Wu of Song set out to defeat Huan Xuan, who usurped gold and proclaimed himself emperor. The following year, Emperor Jin 'an was restored to control the political affairs in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Murong Chao, the leader of Southern Yan, saw the civil strife in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Since the second year of Yixi (406), he sent troops to harass the border of the Eastern Jin Dynasty for many times, and attacked the Huaihe River in the south. Jin people in the south of Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) built castles in succession to resist Southern Yan's army. At that time, the internal contradictions of the ruling group in Southern Yan became increasingly serious, and Murong Chao's treacherous credit and heavy taxes on killing virtuous people aroused strong public resistance.
In order to fight against Southern Yan, Emperor Wu of Song raised his voice, so he wanted to direct the Northern Expedition. The courtiers dissuaded him, but Emperor Wu of Song refused. In April of five years, I set out from Jiankang (now Nanjing) and led a shipmaster back to Huaishui to Surabaya. In May, the troops of the Eastern Jin Dynasty went to Xiapi (now Nangupi Town, Pizhou City, Jiangsu Province), left their ships and trench and walked to Langxie (now Linyi North, Shandong Province). Build a city and guard it with soldiers to prevent Southern Yan cavalry from attacking. Emperor Wu of song intends to take a shortcut, from evil to Juxian (now Shandong), and the older Xi' an (now Yishan) goes straight to Linqu (now Shandong) and Optics Valley.
Daxian Mountain is 70 feet high and 20 miles around, with Muling Pass on it. It is very narrow, only one car can pass through, so it is called "Qin 'an natural barrier". Emperor Wu of song's men were worried that Southern Yan's arms control was too great, or determined to clear the field. This trip was not only in vain, but also unable to return home. Emperor Wu of song thinks that Murong Chao and others are insatiable and have no foresight, so they will not keep risks and clear the field. Then the supervisors rushed forward. On the fifth day of February, six years, Emperor Wu of Song ordered a siege on all sides. Yan Jun was hard to resist, so he surrendered in Kaesong. Murong Chao only led dozens of riders to break through, but he was captured and killed in Jiankang. Southern Yan is dead.
War process
In the fifth year of Jin Dynasty (the fifth year of Southern Yan in 409), from April to February of the following year, Emperor Wudi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty led an army to conquer the Dou Guanggu of Yan State (now the northwest of Qingzhou, Shandong Province) and destroy Southern Yan's famous war.
In the first month of the fifth year of Yixi, Murong Chao, the emperor of Southern Yan, thought that there were not enough court musicians and wanted to plunder the Eastern Jin Dynasty through war. In February, Murong attacked Su Yu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now southeast of Suqian, Jiangsu Province) and plundered 2,500 people. In order to fight against Southern Yan, Emperor Wu of Song made a name for himself. In April, he led his shipmaster back to Huaihe River and entered Surabaya from Jiankang (now Nanjing).
In May, I arrived in Xiapi (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu), left the ship and the trench, and changed from land to Langxie (now north of Linyi, Shandong). In order to prevent Southern Yan from being defeated by Indiana Jones, he built a fortress and left the army to defend it. The Xianbei people in Yannan are brave and brave, underestimating their enemies, and are not worried about 8 Jin Army entering their territory.
Murong Chao didn't take the good strategy of "taking advantage of the danger of the Great Fairy Mountain (now Yishan, Shandong Province) on the fifth floor of General Gongsun" or "strengthening the wall to clear the wild" and "cutting off the grain supply road in Shanxi".
In June, Emperor Wu of Song met no resistance and crossed Juxian County (now Shandong Province), a larger Xianshan quilt. Southern Yan's main force, Murong Chao, advanced Gongsun on the fifth floor, Helai Road, left General Duan Hui, and led 50,000 cavalry into Linqu (now Shandong). Murong Chao learned that the nomads from the past big fairy, since the rate of forty thousand troops. When Yan Jun arrived in Linqu, Murong Chao sent Gongsun Sheng to ride out of the fifth floor to control the huge water in Linqu South (now Shandong Mihe River). Gongsun Sheng met Jin striker Meng and retreated after losing on the fifth floor.
Emperor Wu of song followed with 4000 left and right chariots, soldiers, cars and white cavalry, and moved on. When Jin arrived in Linqu South, Murong Chao sent an elite rider to attack before and after. The two armies fought and the outcome was uncertain. Emperor Wu of Song adopted Fan Hu's policy of joining the army, and sent Fan Hu to join the army with general Tan Shao and Jianwei, led the army around the Yan army, and then took advantage of his weakness to conquer Linqu. Murong Chao rode alone and fled to the left general Duan Hui camp in the south of the city. Emperor Wu of song pursued the victory, defeated the Yan army, and Duan Hui will be beheaded. Murong Chao fled to Optics Valley. Emperor Wu of song pursued northward and conquered the outer city of Optics Valley. Murong Chao retreated to the inner city.
Liu Yuzhu besieged it, recruited soldiers to rebel, won the hearts of the people, took food on the spot, and supported the war. Murong Chao was trapped in the inner city of Optics Valley, and sent Shang, Zhang Gang, Shang Shuling and Han Fan to Qin for help. In July, Yao Qiang, the general of Yao Xing faction of the last Qin Dynasty, joined Yao Shao, commander in chief of Luoyang (northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province), with 10,000 cavalry to save Southern Yan. He also sent messengers to announce to Emperor Wu of Song that the late Qin Dynasty sent 65,438+ten thousand troops to Luoyang, and if 8 Jin J didn't return them, he would March in. Emperor Wu of song saw through Yao Xing's bluff and was unmoved.
Soon, Yao xing was defeated by Xia Zhu Liu in Ercheng (now northwest of Shaanxi Huangling), and Yao Qiang was ordered to withdraw from Zhou Changan (now northwest of Xi 'an). Murong Chao was trapped in Optics Valley for a long time, but he didn't see the reinforcements of the later Qin Dynasty. He wanted to say that he was a vassal of the Eastern Jin Dynasty on the condition of cutting the south of the Great Fairy Mountain and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, but was rejected by Emperor Wu of Song. Southern Yan ministers Zhang Hua, Feng Kai and Shang Jun were successively demoted to Jin.
In September, Emperor Wu of Song stopped Han Fan, who borrowed soldiers to go to the later Qin Dynasty, and made him walk around the city to show that there was no hope for reinforcements in the later Qin Dynasty. The defenders of Southern Yan in the city were frightened. 10, Yanbang was captured, and Jin Jun made various siege equipment such as flying buildings and rushing cars to strengthen the offensive and defensive capabilities.
In February of six years, Nanlailu and Gongsun led the troops to dig tunnels to attack the fifth floor of 8 Jin Army, and they were defeated and returned to the inner city. Emperor Wu of Song seized the opportunity to attack the city from all sides, and Southern Yan Shangshu Yue Shou opened the gate to meet them, and 8 Jin J attacked the inner city of Guanggu. Murong Chao led dozens of riders to break through and was captured by 8 jin j. Was sent to health beheaded, Southern Yan died.
War result
In October, Zhang Gang completed the siege equipment made in Liu Yujun. "Equipment is kit kat, belonging to the wooden curtain of the flying building, so be prepared. It is useless to put flint's bow and arrow on the city. " With good siege equipment, Jin Jun killed the Japanese army. In addition, the Yan army has been trapped for a long time, and the food in the city will be exhausted. Yanjun officials have crossed the city and descended on Jin. "Shangshu Yueshou" holds that Yan "defends the poor in a lonely city and despairs of foreign aid." Although General Gongsun and He Lailu once dug tunnels and led troops out of the city to attack the nomads from the city, they could not break the enemy, so they advised Murong Chao to surrender.
But Murong Chao said: "It is better to die by the sword than to live for the wall!" In the sixth year of Yixi (AD 4 10), on the fifth day of February, Emperor Wu of Song ordered an army to attack the city, and Yue Shou opened the city gate and put the Jin army in. Murong Chao led dozens of riders to escape, was captured by 8 jin j, and was sent to Jiankang for beheading. At this point, Emperor Wu of Song besieged Optics Valley for eight months, and Southern Yan perished. Emperor Wu of song entered Guanggu City, intending to kill all the men in the city and give their wives and daughters to the soldiers. After Han Fan dissuaded him, only 3,000 people below the Prince were executed.
The influence of war
10 months later, the Eastern Jin Dynasty attacked Southern Yan and finally destroyed Southern Yan, making due contributions to the unification of the northern region.
The demise of Yan Shun in the Eastern Jin Dynasty conforms to the historical requirements and the trend of unified development.
Southern Yan, originally a small separatist force split by Houyan, ruled only to the east of Jinan, Shandong Province, and to the north of Zaozhuang to the coast of Bohai Sea. It was a small country in the late Sixteen Countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It has neither enlightened political measures nor social and economic development, but closed separatist rule and oppression. People in the north of China have long hated this chaotic situation of separatist regime and incessant wars.
In particular, the officials who moved to the Eastern Jin Dynasty with the Northern Jin Dynasty had a strong desire to unify the North and return to their hometown. Therefore, the Northern Expedition of the Eastern Jin Dynasty adapted to the requirements of the people at that time, which made the Jin teachers present a "beautiful" situation wherever they went. This became the unique political advantage of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Strong war strength is another important factor for the victory of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty established itself as the capital of Jiangnan, although there have been numerous civil strife and wars of different scales, it has basically maintained the unity of the country, far from the bleak and broken situation of disputes among many countries in the north, shuddering and chaos, and serious social and economic devastation. After Emperor Wu of Song came to power, he took measures to reduce taxes and develop production. Coupled with the natural economic and geographical conditions in the south of the Yangtze River, the economic strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty gradually increased, and a large number of powerful troops such as cars, infantry, water and riding were trained and recruited.
This army is obviously superior to Southern Yan Army in quantity and quality, which provides a solid material foundation for defeating Southern Yan.