This article is to commemorate two scientific explorers who first reached the South Pole in human history-Norwegian Amundsen and Englishman Scott. Amundsen and Scott are both ready to conquer the South Pole. After some fierce competition, Amundsen beat him to the top and arrived at the South Pole on 19 1 10, 12 and 14. Scott is nearly five weeks behind Amundsen. In the end, Amundsen returned home in triumph, and the flag of success fluttered in the South Pole forever. Due to the early arrival of the cold weather in the Antarctic, Scott and five other heroes who attacked the Antarctic were exhausted from hunger. They struggled with the cold for more than two months on their way back, and finally died in the vast snow and ice. The text praises the spirit of human being's courage to explore, the lofty spirit of dedication to the cause and the strong spirit of collectivism.
Teaching objectives
1, knowledge and skills
(1) Perceive the text as a whole by summarizing the main contents.
(2) Accumulate idioms and synonyms in the text and use reference books to clear the obstacles in reading.
(3) Understand the keywords and the emotions praised by the author through emotional reading and analysis.
2. Process and method
(1) Students can learn about the author and his works by consulting materials.
(2) Learn to read quickly, circle the key points and give the full text a segmented and layered outline.
(3) Learn Zhang Xianzhi's writing methods from narration.
3. Emotional attitudes and values
Learn the indomitable spirit reflected in the tragedy of Antarctic exploration in this paper; Stimulate students' interest in exploring the unknown world and cultivate the spirit of unity, cooperation and courage to sacrifice; Understand that human beings challenge themselves and realize the greatness of life value.
Teaching focus
1, sort out the key stories and grasp the author's thoughts and feelings.
2. Learn to read quickly, circle the key points and give the full text a segmented and layered outline.
3. Stimulate students' interest in exploring the unknown world and cultivate the spirit of unity, cooperation and sacrifice.
4. Understand the greatness of human beings to challenge themselves and realize the value of life.
Teaching difficulties
1. Contact the context and understand the meaning of key sentences and titles.
2. Understand the author's writing intention.
Teaching time
The second class hour
first kind
Interactive instructional design
First, create situations and introduce new lessons.
1, (Show the pictures of Antarctica, let the students recall their understanding of Antarctica while watching the courseware. The teacher then concluded.
On the big screen:
A. Geographical location The South Pole is located at 90 degrees south latitude, with an area of 6,543,800 square kilometers. Most areas are covered with ice and snow all year round, which is called Antarctic ice sheet or white desert. Even in summer, only 5% of bedrock is not covered by ice source, which is called ice-free zone or oasis of white desert. The white desert oasis is the main habitat of Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater creatures. It is these creatures that bring vitality to the desolate and indifferent continent of Antarctica.
B. Natural environment Antarctica has the highest natural environment among the five realms: 1, and is the coldest continent in the world. The average annual temperature in the mainland is MINUS 25 degrees Celsius, and the extreme minimum temperature is MINUS 89 degrees and MINUS 2 degrees. Antarctica is the continent with the largest ice and snow reserves in the world, with an ice sheet area of 27 million cubic kilometers, equivalent to 72% of the total fresh water in the world. Antarctica is the driest continent in the world. Antarctica is the highest continent in the world. This is the last undeveloped continent on earth. It has the cleanest water, soil and air in the world. But this deadly danger is everywhere, such as: extreme cold, murderous wind, ice cracks, white desert, world of ice in fire, moving islands, milky sky, snow blindness. )
Teacher's introduction: Antarctica, a sacred place wrapped in ice and snow, left the footprints of a group of brave explorers, but many explorers gave their precious lives because of the lack of climate or conditions. Now, let's look at those brave men who gave their lives to explore the South Pole. This leads to the topic of this article (showing pictures leads to the topic)
2. Introduction Author: Stefan Zweig (188 1- 1942), an Austrian writer. Born into a Jewish bourgeois family in Vienna, he was immersed in the art halls of music, poetry and drama since childhood. He dabbled in novels, plays, poems, biographies, essays, features and other literary genres, and his writing style was amazing. Her main achievements are in literary biography and novel creation. His main works are biographies written by Balzac, Dickens and Tolstoy. She has a soft spot for Tolstoy. 1942 On February 22nd, witnessing the madness of Hitler's fascism, Zweig committed suicide with his wife in exile in Brazil, and lived in a suburban apartment in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil. With the despair and grief of a weak person, he made a silent complaint and protest against the evil of that man. A just writer like him faces the great tragedy of mankind.
Zweig's major achievements are biographical literature and novel creation. The representative works of biographical literature are three masters romain rolland, and three poets describe their life and psychotherapy. Zweig was honest and conscientious, and wrote countless magnificent chapters full of sympathy and touching feelings. He is one of the most popular German writers in the 20th century. The ideals he pursued all his life were humanitarianism and spiritual freedom. From a humanitarian standpoint, we praise the sympathy, kindness and forgiveness between people, and hate the intrigue, hypocrisy and ruthlessness of the bourgeoisie.
Second, read the text by yourself and feel it as a whole.
1. Look it up in the dictionary and read the following stresses correctly.
Drag (zhuài) infinity (yín) madness (diān) coldness (lǐn liè) eating (sh ǐ n liè) erosion (sh ǐ i) weakness (l ǐ i) walking (l ǐ) fatigue (q ǐ ng) widow hair (shuāng).
2. Consult the reference books, explain the following words and write a paragraph with 3-4 of them.
Endless, painful, devouring, eroding, weak, tired, exhausted, exhausted, widows are creepy, unhappy, late, worried, exhausted, reckless, incoherent, not ...
3. Students read the text quickly and silently.
(1) Grasp the main information of the text and summarize the main points after sharing at the same table.
Reference point: This article is excerpted from the biography of Scott and his party who returned from despair and even died tragically in Antarctica. Five members of Scott's expedition rushed to the South Pole, exhausted but full of hope, but sadly found that someone beat them to it and had to go home in frustration. Encountered bad weather on the way, fought hard with Leng Xue, and finally died tragically.
(2) What is the main content of the article?
Described the bad weather and the expedition's struggle with the cold. Write down the details of the expedition members' sacrifice.
(3) Grasp the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author.
It eulogizes the human spirit of exploration, dedication to the cause and strong collectivism.
(4) List the structure outline of the text.
Ask some students to retell the text and make a summary on the basis of the students' retelling. )
Part one? 1-3 (19 12 1.06 to 1.08)? Scott and his five men rushed to the South Pole hopefully, but unfortunately they found that someone had beat them to it.
Part two? Paragraph 4-13 (65438+1October 18 to March 29th)? Scott and his party met with insurmountable difficulties on their way home and finally died sadly.
Strong Ivins is crazy.
B, Oates-like a hero till death do us part.
C, Scott and others-frozen in sleeping bags.
Part three? 14- 16 (129 October to12 October 10/2)? The search for the remains of heroes by Al-Qaida partners stressed that although they failed, it was a great tragedy of an era.
The author's idea: Go to the South Pole-at the South Pole-away from the South Pole.
(hope) (disappointment) (despair)
Second lesson
Teaching interaction process
(Continued from last class)
Third, cooperation and exchange, interpretation and exploration.
A schematic diagram of Scott's Antarctic expedition is shown on the screen.
(1) The tragic deaths of five expedition members are inseparable from the sudden arrival of cold weather in Antarctica. Please find out the sentences describing the harsh climate in Antarctica. And analyze its function. [Slide] The harsh climate in Antarctica is described with a lot of pen and ink, and the extremely difficult environment in which five brave explorers lived is reproduced. Please read them all. [Show slides. Experience the specific environment described in Reading aloud and reading aloud, and get to know the characters in the specific environment. Render a tragic atmosphere. ]
In this way, the ruthless snowstorm devoured the lives of five explorers. However, when we close the book, the tragic scenes of their failure, misfortune and death are unforgettable for a long time. Please tell us which details of the text you remember the most? What noble qualities have you discovered from it? Tell me the unforgettable details about the reason why he touched you in the article, such as: ① After going through difficulties and obstacles to reach the finish line, the flag and letters left by the occupier Amundsen were waiting for them, and the loser Scott was asked to testify about his achievements, but Scott actually accepted the task. "He must faithfully perform this most ruthless duty: to testify for another person's achievements in front of the whole world, and this cause is exactly what he loves." The broad mind of scientists is amazing.
Dr. Wilson, who is in charge of scientific research, insisted on scientific observation when he was only one step away from death, dragging 16 kg of precious rock samples. Not afraid of cold. A firm spirit. He showed persistence and perseverance in his career. We were moved by the scientists' courage to explore and indomitable spirit.
(3) Unfortunately, Oates first asked ten morphine tablets to end himself as soon as possible, and other players resolutely refused his request; The next day, he went to the vast snow outside the tent alone. "But no one dared to say anything to stop him, and no one dared to reach out and shake hands with him." The spirit of unity. Teacher: [blackboard writing: unity and cooperation] This is a United team, especially Oates, in order to protect the team at a critical moment, so calmly handed over his life to death. Shui Han, the strong man is gone forever! Castle Peak is full of loyal bones. Why bury the horse song? The picture of Oates dying like a hero will be fixed in our hearts forever. Scientists' strong spirit of self-dedication and noble personality of focusing on the collective can't help but make people cry.
Captain Scott recorded the diary to the last breath of his life very calmly until his fingers were completely frozen and the pen slipped out of his hand. The passion, persistence and efforts of scientists have to be admired.
(3) Understanding of "Tragedy" Mr. Lu Xun said that "tragedy is to destroy things that are valuable to people." Life is naturally the most valuable. Besides life, what else is valuable?
Understanding of "greatness"
Teacher: To sum up what we have said, this expedition includes: the tragedy of death, the tragedy of disappointment, the tragedy of witnesses and so on. So why does the author call such a tragedy a "great tragedy"? (or "What feelings did you read about the author in the face of such a tragedy? ) What do you think is "great"? (Where is the greatness? )
Teacher: Students' profound understanding of the text will definitely make Zweig a bosom friend. He did not choose winners to praise, but praised these failed heroes affectionately, precisely to praise their spirit of exploration, dedication and strong collectivism. It is these spirits that are the eternal motivation and spiritual source of mankind. In addition, the teacher also read out that Zweig is not concerned with the success of his career, but with the shock and enlightenment to people's spirit. This is the value orientation of great writers, paying attention to the hearts of characters.
Please use the phrase "sadness is great" to express their greatness.
[Sorrow is in failure.
It is great and sad for the adventurous spirit to testify for the winner.
And the demeanor of a loyal gentleman is great and sad in the destruction of life.
The spirit of unity, selflessness and dedication to science is great, and it is the sorrow of the world, from which people get spiritual encouragement]
(4) What is the significance of Scott's expedition?
The humanistic spirit reflected by Scott's tragic Antarctic expedition has gone far beyond the activity itself and that era, and has become a valuable spiritual wealth of all mankind across times and regions. That is to know nature, challenge human self, realize the value of life and inspire future generations with spirit.
(5) On the same Antarctic expedition, Amundsen succeeded and Scott failed. But Zweig, a famous biographer, why not write a biography for Amundsen, the winner, but write this tragic scene for Scott, the loser? In the article, can you find out the sentences that reflect the author's attitude towards this incident? Try to look at the analysis and talk about your own views.
This can be found in the last two sentences in the article: "Although a man destroyed himself in the struggle against invincible bad luck, his mind became extremely noble. All these are the biggest tragedies in history. " As a great writer, what Zweig thinks of is not the success of his career, but the spiritual shock and enlightenment behind many historical events. According to this value standard, Zweig certainly thinks that making a biography of Scott will be more meaningful and give people long-term thinking.
(6) Discuss and exchange your understanding of the following sentences.
Paragraphs 1 and 2 "For human beings, the first person who arrives has everything, and the second person who arrives has nothing". What does the author mean by being here? Do you agree with this statement?
Student discussion summary: Here, from Scott's point of view, the author expressed a feeling of extreme depression and sadness after losing the game. As a great writer, Zweig thinks not only about his career success, but also about the spiritual shock and enlightenment behind many historical events, which gives people long-term thinking. The author's biography of the loser Scott itself shows that the author disagrees with this view.
2. Paragraph 2. Scott, the only thing they saw at the pole was not caused by nature. "The Norwegian flag is hunting successfully on this fortress that was broken by human beings." How can the national flag "throw its weight around" and "gloat"? What kind of complicated psychology does Scott have here?
Student discussion summary: personification is used here. In Scott's eyes, the Norwegian flag fluttering in the wind is his opponent. Amundsen, the winner, seems to be standing in front of him, laughing proudly at the loser, showing Scott's extreme pain and depression.
3. Paragraph 2. "Scott accepted this task, and he will faithfully perform this most ruthless duty: to testify for another person's achievements in front of the whole world, and this cause is exactly what he loves." What does "this mission" mean? Why did he accept this task? Can't he accept it?
Student discussion summary: This task refers to letting him take Amundsen's letter to King Haakon of Norway, which proves that Amundsen has reached the extreme. British people generally stress gentlemanly manners, advocate honesty and trustworthiness, and face success and failure calmly. Under the influence of this cultural tradition, Scott had to accept the task of testifying for the performance of others. Because of his behavior, his personality is extremely noble and has won people's respect.
4. Paragraph 5: "In their hearts, the fear of going home is greater than the expectation." Why are they more afraid to go home?
Students' discussion summary: because they are losers in this Antarctic competition, they have gone through hardships, suffered endless pains and troubles, and slept in the wind ... all their efforts have become futile, and only the ridicule of the world is waiting for them.
5. Paragraph 12. "But in this snowy desert, only ... he left a message for all these people." Look at the context, what does "a mirage in my heart" mean? Why does the author make such a metaphor?
The students discussed and concluded that "a mirage in my heart" refers to Scott's fond memories of the past and his nostalgia for his distant motherland, relatives and friends before he left this world, which are in sharp contrast with reality. A mirage is beautiful, but it is impossible to achieve. This way of writing highlights the tragic effect and gives people a huge spiritual impact.
6. What does paragraph16 mean? What role does it play in the full text?
Student discussion summary: These two sentences express the author's lofty praise for Scott, which means that although Scott failed in the struggle with nature and fell down, his mind was tested and became extremely lofty. The destruction of value and beauty is of course a great tragedy. This sentence can be used as the topic sentence of the full text and play a role in starting the topic.
Fourth, summarize and reflect, expand and extend.
1, from the mountains to the deep seabed, from the vast ocean to the vast universe, where there are mysteries, there are human footprints. There are joys of success and tragedies of failure in the exploration. Winners have everything, but these great losers should also have their place. What do you know about failed heroes and great tragedies?
Heroes who failed: ① Yue Fei was loyal to the country. Although he lost in the war, his patriotism inspired future generations. (2) Jing Ke, who failed to assassinate the king of Qin, "left the strong man forever", enthusiastically crossed the channel by hydrogen balloon, died in the sea and took a canoe.
Yao Maoshu, drifting along the Yangtze River, capsized and died.
1986, Yao Maoshu, the first China explorer drifting and exploring the Yangtze River in the world, capsized and died in the upper reaches of Jinsha River. However, the history of the Wanli Yangtze River has ended since ancient times. The American Columbia crashed, but it still inspired mankind to explore space. For example, Yang Liwei went into space and the United States marched into Mars. ⑥ 1996, Yu Chunshun, a Shanghai explorer who walked in China on foot, left the Gobi Desert with the temperature as high as 70 degrees forever. However, his 4 million-word diary and 1 10,000 photos left precious information for future generations. ……
Great tragedy: ① Galileo was attacked by the church.
Science has been wronged for three hundred years; (2) Vesaliua's "human body structure" caused a disaster.
Atone for the tragic death on the island; The space shuttle Challenger was destroyed.
All seven astronauts were killed ④ On February 1 day, 2003, the American space shuttle Columbia disintegrated and crashed, killing all seven astronauts. This is the tragedy of 1986 challenger. But it still inspires people to explore space.
Teacher: In the history of mankind, many of them tragically destroyed their lives in unsuccessful careers, but their pursuit of career and their spirit of challenging themselves in struggle inspired future generations. Similarly, the road ahead is not smooth, and the whole history of human progress is a history of fighting against all difficulties and obstacles. We should also shoulder the mission of the times, uphold the excellent quality and great spirit of heroes, explore the unknown areas of mankind, open the mysterious door of the universe and realize our own life value.
2, combined with the text to talk about understanding:
① Failure and hero ② Tragedy and greatness
③ Failure and Success ④ Conquer nature and challenge yourself.
What do you think is the meaning of life after learning this text? Where is the value of life?
Fifth, summarize the full text.
Although Scott and his party failed in the Antarctic race, their honesty, perseverance, persistence and dedication to the cause in the face of death, admirable gentlemanly demeanor, team spirit of unity and cooperation and selfless love for others will have great spiritual encouragement for future generations. Finally, give the students three sentences to end the lesson:
Beating yourself is the most tragic failure.
Overcoming yourself is the most precious victory. Everyone is destined to experience the pain of failure and the pain of doing things in parallel. But as long as you have experienced it, even if you fail, you will never be useless. People can fail, but they can't be knocked down.
Writing on the blackboard: David's tragic drama
Dare to explore the sad (depressed, sad) circuit repair department of failure
Gentleman's demeanor, special witness, sadness, lack of energy, trustworthy exploration, collectivism, danger, sadness of death (difficult to go home), coldness, selflessness, love, team, sadness of the world, and too little fuel.