Yueyang Tower has been developed from generation to generation based on The Yuejun Tower of Lusu in the Three Kingdoms. Before the Tang Dynasty, its function was mainly used in the military. Since the Tang Dynasty, Yueyang Tower has gradually become a scenic spot for tourists and romantic poets to visit and recite poems. At this time, Baling City has been changed to Yueyang City, and Baling Building has also been called Yueyang Building. In the fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 76), he could be called "Yueyang Tower", and he often moved to the building with literati to compose poems. Later, great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Shangyin and Li Qunyu came one after another and wrote hundreds of famous sentences with new meanings, which cast a strong cultural implication on Yueyang Tower.
Yueyang Tower was really famous in the world in the Northern Song Dynasty, after Teng rebuilt Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyan wrote The Story of Yueyang Tower. Teng is a famous and far-sighted minister. He thought that "the scenery of the building was not written by reporters, and the words were not written by talents", so he asked Fan Zhongyan, a great writer at that time, to write "The Story of Yueyang Tower", which is famous throughout the ages. When it was published, it was widely read. Magnificent, sonorous language, can be described as unique, can be called a masterpiece. Among them, the phrase "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" has become an eternal famous saying. Since then, Yueyang Tower has become famous at home and abroad. Later, poets and writers of past dynasties left many beautiful poems here, such as Yu Ji, Yang Weizhen, Yang Quan, Li Dongyang, He Jingming, Yuan Mei, Yao Nai, etc. They all came here to bring wine to the wind and sing on the floor.
In the history of Yueyang Tower 1000 years, it has been repeatedly destroyed and built, and has been repaired for more than 30 times. After each renovation, "the pavilion eaves are covered with ice, and the literati climb high and wander." When it was destroyed, "the waves were huge and the poets were shocked." (Qing Zhang Derong's Rebuilding Yueyang) After the founding of New China, the Party and the government cherished Yueyang Tower and completely rebuilt it. The restored Yueyang Tower maintains its original scale and structure, and retains its original architectural art and historical features. The granite abutment at the bottom of the building is increased by 30 cm, which makes the Xianmei Pavilion and Sanzui Pavilion in front of Yueyang Tower more distinct and neatly arranged. The ground is paved with four big nanmu columns of the ancient Qing Temple, which is an original building. The four stone piers of the Song Dynasty were still squatting under the big columns. The three-sided brick walls originally built in the 21st year of the Republic of China were replaced by carved gold doors and windows imitating the Ming and Qing dynasties. On the second floor, in order to broaden the horizons of boarders, the balcony space has been increased. The facade of the building is hung with "Yueyang Tower" written by Zhang Zhao, a famous book in Qing Dynasty, which consists of 65,438+02 pieces of rosewood. On the third floor, the calligraphy of Du Fu, a great man Mao Zedong, was exhibited. Du Shaoling's five-word swan song, Fan's two love words, Teng's prosperity, Lv Chunyang's drunkenness after three years, and poetry, Confucianism, and what happened before me are all gone years? Will make me cry! "The bottom line is" try it, gentlemen: Xiaoxiang in Dongting Lake, Wuxia in the Yangtze River, refreshing Baling Mountain, cliffs in the east of Yuezhou, reservoirs, wanderers, owners and small towns. There is a real meaning in this. Who can read it? "There is a short couplet on the third floor, just eight words:" Water and sky are one color; The moonlight is boundless, and the inscription is "Changbai". If you stand at the west gate of Yueyang Tower, facing the lake and overlooking Yueyang Tower, the first thing you see is the arched doorway made of giant granite. The three golden characters engraved on the bluestone tablet-"Yueyang Gate" look thin and dignified. Written by Huang Ning Road, the magistrate of Yueyang County, in Jiapingyue (1747), it has become an extremely precious cultural relic.
Yueyang Gate is the west gate of Yueyang Ancient City. There were five doors in ancient Yueyang, namely, Xiangchunmen was the east gate, Yingxunmen was the south gate, Chuwangmen was the north gate, and the west gate was Yueyang gate. There is also a small west gate. Except Yueyang Gate, all other city gates have been abandoned. Yueyang Gate is about 4 meters high, 2 meters wide and nearly 42 meters long. In addition, it is built on a hill, spanning the majestic.
To say the history of Yueyang Gate, we have to start from the Three Kingdoms period, when Baqiu City was built, the city walls climbed over mountains and there was a Dongting in the west. The terrain is very dangerous. Later generations set up a city here, and nothing happened since then. In the Tang Dynasty, Meng Haoran's "Clouds dream up and fog around Yueyang City" and Du Fu's "A thousand miles across the country and a hundred floors in the mountain city" were all described here. Later, it was abandoned year by year and destroyed by the hands of the Republic of China.
Sanzui Pavilion is located on the north side of Yueyang Tower, echoing the Xianmei Pavilion on the south side of Yueyang Tower. According to Guangxu's "Baling County Records", Sanzui Pavilion was built in the forty years of Qing Qianlong and became famous in the world. It was awarded by Xiong Mao, the magistrate of Baling County, and soon collapsed. In the 19th year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 1839), Zhai Shenghao, the magistrate of Yuezhou, rebuilt Yueyang Tower, then rebuilt this pavilion on the site of Wang Xianting, and renamed it Doumu Pavilion. During the Xianfeng period, Yueyang Tower and Doumuge were in decline. It was not until the sixth year of Tongzhi that Governor Ceng Guoquan allocated the monthly card tax to rebuild Yueyang Tower and Doumu Pavilion in an all-round way, and changed Doumu Pavilion to Sanzui Pavilion according to the story of Lv Dongbin Sanzui Yueyang Tower. However, it was destroyed again. In the sixth year of Guangxu, Zhang Derong, the magistrate of Yuezhou, allocated tea and donated money to rebuild Yueyang Tower. After liberation, Sanzui Pavilion was repaired several times, but it was rebuilt on 1977 because of the unstable foundation. Sanzui Pavilion, named after the legendary drunken Yueyang Tower in Lu, has many stories among the people.
According to Ci Hai, "(Lv Dongbin)' s myths and legends probably originated in Yuezhou area in the Northern Song Dynasty." The present "Three-Mouth Pavilion" is a square pavilion imitating the architecture of the Song Dynasty, and it is one of the auxiliary pavilions of the main building of Yueyang Tower. Covering an area of 135.7 square meters, 9 meters high, with two floors and two eaves. The top is mountain-leaning, with red columns and blue tiles, the doors and windows are finely carved, the algae wells are brightly painted, and the appearance is gorgeous and solemn. Sanzui Pavilion is also a pure wooden structure like Yueyang Tower. The door is engraved with palindromes and decorated with various flowers engraved with legendary stories. A portrait of Lv Dongbin lying on the ground painted by Yin Benchong of Yueyang Tower Management Office hangs on the screen on the first floor. The author shows Lu Xian's elegant demeanor and natural and unrestrained demeanor incisively and vividly. There is a four-line poem by Lu Dongting on the painting: "The farther north you travel, the paler the sky is, and the green snake in your sleeve is bold." Three drunken Yueyang people don't know, and the waves fly to Dongting Lake. On both sides of the painting screen are couplets of the Qing Dynasty: "The bright moon is in the sky and colorful; "Poetry and wine are nobody." Upstairs, the woodcarving statue of Lv Dongbin is located in a shrine. He raised his glass in one hand and a book in the other, and his expression was very dignified. The niche is engraved with the words "poetry and wine are immortal".
Xianmei Pavilion, located in the south of Yueyang Tower, is one of the auxiliary pavilions of the main building of Yueyang Tower, corresponding to Sanzui Pavilion. Xianmei Pavilion is a hexagonal pavilion with two floors and three eaves, high cornices, pure wood structure, exquisite and elegant. The exhibition hall covers an area of 44 square meters and is 7 meters high. Covered with green glazed tiles, it looks like a green lotus.
Xianmeiting was founded in the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1628- 1644). At that time, when Tao Zongkong, an official, rebuilt Yueyang Tower, he built this pavilion and named it Xianmeitang. In the 40th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1775), when Xiongmao Award of Yuezhou County rebuilt Yueyang Tower, its pavilion was rebuilt on the original site and Xianmeitang was changed to Xianmeiting. In the sixth year of Tongzhi (A.D. 1867), Governor Ceng Guoquan completely rebuilt Yueyang Tower, and Xianmei Pavilion was also renovated and changed to Liu Xianting. Soon, in the sixth year of Guangxu (AD 1880), when Zhang Derong, the magistrate, rebuilt Yueyang Tower, Liu Xian Pavilion was changed to Mei Ting. After liberation, the pavilion was repaired many times and kept its original appearance.
There are many legends about Xianmeiting, and there are different opinions. What is really recorded in detail is the green slate erected by Xianmei Pavilion. On the one hand, it is the plum blossom picture that the painter was asked to copy when Xiong Mao of the magistrate of a county awarded the repair of Yueyang Tower, on the other hand, it is an inscription written by him personally.
Xiaoqiao Tomb Xiaoqiao Tomb, also known as Er Qiao Tomb, is located in the north of Yueyang Tower. According to Guangxu's "Baling County Records", "The tomb of Wu Erqiao in the Three Kingdoms was ruled in the north, and Wu attacked Anhui and got two daughters. Since then, Xiao Qiao returned to Zhou Yu and was buried here", and quoted "Wu" as saying that "the tomb is now. Pei's annotation "The History of the Three Kingdoms" also said: "Zhenbaqiu is Baqiu County in Luling County (now Jiangxi Province), and Baling County in Jinzhou (now Yueyang City) is Baling County in Changsha County. "What is right and wrong remains to be verified.
The area around Xiao Qiao's cemetery is called the Three Kingdoms Building in Zhou Yujun, which was the garden of the military building at that time. The cemetery is quiet, with lush flowers and trees. Two plants of Ligustrum lucidum were planted on the top of the tomb, and the tombstone in front of the grave was about one meter high. Before Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the repair in the tomb was not recorded. "Baling County Records" contains: "Jiaqing two years (Park 1797). It is said that in the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1), Lu Baozong, the inspection department, rebuilt it and replanted two Ligustrum lucidum on the tomb. 1993, Xiao Qiao's tomb was built on the south side of the tomb, surrounded by walls, the cemetery was illuminated, and the front was written: "Imagine Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao's first marriage, Xiong Xiong. Also known as Er Qiao Tomb, it is located in the north of Yueyang Tower. According to the "Baling County Records" quoted in the "Unification Records" during Guangxu period: "The tomb of Wu Erqiao in the Three Kingdoms was ruled by the court in the north, and Wu attacked Anhui and his two daughters entered, and Xiao Qiao returned to Zhou Yu and was buried here." There is also such a record in Wu Zhi: "The tomb is today, or a small bridge. Pei's annotation "The History of the Three Kingdoms" also said: "Zhenbaqiu is Baqiu County in Luling County (now Jiangxi Province), and Baling County in Jinzhou (now Yueyang City) is Baling County in Changsha County. "What is right and wrong remains to be verified.
The area around Xiao Qiao's cemetery is called the Three Kingdoms Building in Zhou Yujun, which was the garden of the military building at that time. The cemetery is quiet, with lush flowers and trees. Two plants of Ligustrum lucidum were planted on the top of the tomb, and the tombstone in front of the grave was about one meter high. Before Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, the repair in the tomb was not recorded. "Baling County Records" contains: "Jiaqing two years (Park 1797). It is said that in the seventh year of Guangxu (A.D. 188 1), Lu Baozong, the inspection department, rebuilt it and replanted two Ligustrum lucidum on the tomb. 1993, Xiao Qiao's tomb was built on the south side of the tomb, surrounded by walls, the cemetery was illuminated, and the front was written: "Imagine Gong Jin, Xiao Qiao's first marriage, Xiong Xiong.
Huaifu Pavilion is located on the five platforms facing the lake in the courtyard of Yueyang Building. It passes through Yueyang Gate along the stone steps and reaches 100 meters south of Dianjiangtai.
Huaifu Pavilion was built in 1962, which is also the birthday of Du Fu, a great poet in Tang Dynasty1250th anniversary. At that time, relevant organizations in the world designated Du Fu as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world. In order to cherish the memory of this "poet saint" who cares about the country and people, Yueyang people built this small pavilion in the place where Du Fu lived in his later years, and named it "Huaifu Pavilion".
"Huaifu Pavilion" is an exquisite and elegant square pavilion, facing south. It covers an area of 40 square meters and is 7 meters high. It has four large columns cast with cement and surrounded by railings. The upper part of the pavilion is made of pure wood, with exquisite wing ridges and colorful algae wells. There is a stone tablet in the pavilion, with the portrait of Du Fu and the poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower" engraved on the front and his life story engraved on the north. There is a camphorwood plaque in Xia Yan County in the north, on which are written three vigorous, simple and glittering Chinese characters of "Huaifu Pavilion" inscribed by the great proletarian revolutionary Zhu De. A pair of couplets written by Wu Zhangshu, a famous poet and calligrapher in China, hung on the west pavilion column of the plaque in 1979: "The boat is a Dongting, and there are tears on earth; The soul returns to Luoshui, and there is no poem in the world. " This couplet expresses the author's great regret and infinite nostalgia for Du Fu's life experience.
According to historical records, Du Fu entered Dongting by boat from Sichuan in his later years and lived in Yuezhou. By then, he had learned that he was down and out and his family was penniless. He came to Yueyang, boarded Yueyang Tower, wrote many touching poems, and was deeply touched. In particular, the poem "Climbing Yueyang Tower" has only 40 words, which not only describes the grandeur of Dongting Lake and Yueyang Tower, but also describes his own tragic experience and state affairs. Worrying about the country and the people. Moved and regretful, Sun Quan sent Lu Su and more than 10,000 soldiers to Yueyang to compete with Liu Bei for Jingzhou. After Lu Su came, he conscientiously implemented Sun Quan's decree, built Baqiu City (now Yueyang City), stepped up the training of the water army, and built some military facilities in the west of the city, which was one of them.
The stage is located by the lake outside the city gate, made of granite, and there are steps under the lake on both sides. From a distance, it looks like an ancient city building, with high eaves, faucets carved at both ends, covered with glazed tiles and shining in the sun.