1, in ancient times (ruling the world)-impossible to test-Shennong, Xuanyuan, Yao, Shun, Yu-hanging on the arch and ruling-productivity is backward and people's demands are not high.
2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the feudal lords scuffled (in troubled times)-770 BC-22 BC1year (549 years after Pingdong moved to Qin and Qi was destroyed)-Confucius and Shang Yang-carried out political reform and county system, and the contradiction between the emerging landlord class and the old aristocracy was the main contradiction in society.
3. The tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, the struggle between Chu and Han (troubled times)-from 22 1 year to 202 years ago (from the elimination of Qin Dynasty to the establishment of the Han Dynasty, a total of 19 years)-Qin Shihuang, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang-the whole country implemented the county system, the three public officials system, the emperor system, the construction of the Great Wall and the death of Qin Ershi.
4, inaction in the early Han Dynasty, mixed governance (general)-202 years before 180 years (22 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China-Wendi acceded to the throne)-Emperor Gaozu, Lv Hou, Xiao He-parallel system of counties and countries, pro-marriage, punishment of Han Xin, Ping Peng Yue, White Horse League, Zhu Lu rebellion-in view of the Qin Dynasty,
5. The rule of Wenjing, the reign of Emperor Wudi (ruling the world)-180 ~ 91year ago (Wendi ascended the throne ~ witchcraft rebellion lasted for 89 years)-Wendi, Jingdi, and Wudi-the rebellion of the seven kings, the battle of the naked suit, the battle of the decree, and the battle of Mayi.
6. The harem is in charge of politics, and the consorts play politics (generally) —— 89 years before ~ 8 years AD (after 97 witchcraft rebellion ~ Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty) —— Zhao Di, Wang Mang —— vigorously promoted Confucianism, ruled the country by virtue, and the Wang family rose ——— The phenomenon of land annexation became more and more serious due to the great damage of the militaristic policy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the economic policy. Although Zhao Xuan had many innovations in political actions, he could not save the decline of the Western Han Dynasty, and the regime was finally stolen by Wang Mang.
7. Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, and the world was in chaos (troubled times)-from 8 to 25 AD (from Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty to the establishment of Guangwu 17)-Wang Mang, the new emperor, changed the currency system, changed his official name, Chi Meijun, an outlaw hero-Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, and then forced the New Deal. At the same time, he carried out the wrong frontier policy, which led to difficulties in internal affairs and diplomacy, and peasant uprisings broke out one after another in various places. It was not until Emperor Guangwu revived the Han Dynasty that peace was restored to the country.
8. Guangxu Zhongxing, Xiongnu fled to the west (ruling the world) -25 years ~ 106 (Guangwu Emperor was founded, Shang Emperor died, a total of 8 1 year)-Guangwu Emperor, Zhang Emperor, He Di-frivolous and generous, Wang Jingzhi Huang, elite soldiers and simple administration, defeated Xiongnu, defeated Xiongnu. However, the early death of He Di and his son Shang Emperor laid a hidden danger for the future.
9. Eunuchs are in power and consorts are in power (poor)-106 ~184 (Shang Emperor died ~ The Yellow Scarf Uprising lasted for 78 years)-Emperor Huan, Emperor Ling, Dou Taihou and Zhang Rang-selling official titles-Six emperors in the late Han Dynasty: Anshun Chongzhi Huanling were all young.
10, with three pillars, warriors come forth in large numbers (in troubled times)-184 ~222 (the Yellow Scarf Rebellion ~ Yiling War lasted 38 years)-Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan-the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs, the Battle of Yiling, and the method of opening up wasteland-in the Yellow Scarf Rebellion, with Battle of Red Cliffs's three pillars,
1 1, Taikang Xiaozhi, the legacy of arrogance and extravagance (general) ——222 ~290 (from the battle of Yiling to the 68th year of Sima Yan's death) —— Cao Pi, Zhuge Liang and Sima Yan —— Zhuge Liang ruled Shu, and the system of nine grades, farmland occupation, household modulation, and official occupation of the shadow. However, after Sima Yan unified the three kingdoms, he was arrogant and extravagant, and his ministers were rich, which eventually left the bane of the Eight Kings Rebellion.
12, Five Chaos in China, North-South confrontation (troubled times) ——290 ~58 1 year (Sima Yan died ~ Yang Guang proclaimed himself 9 1 year) —— Fu Jian and Xie Lingyun —— Talking about the wrong country, the battle of drowning, killing Hu Ling and hitting the water in the middle. Later, after the change of Liang Qi and Chen Xiang, the northern Xianbei people established the Northern Wei regime, and then split into the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasties, which were replaced by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Yuwen Yong, the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, destroyed the Northern Qi Dynasty, but died young. Finally, Emperor Wen usurped power, destroyed Nan Chen and established the Sui Dynasty. Social contradictions are mainly ethnic contradictions.
13, finally unified, the emperor prospered (ruling the world) -58 1 ~6 13 (Yang Guang proclaimed himself emperor ~ Yang Xuangan rebelled for 32 years)-Yang Guang and Sui Wendi-imperial examination system, three provinces and six departments system, Goguryeo three signs, building the Grand Canal-farmers' pressure gained. However, due to the fact that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty ignored the feelings of the people at that time and the general desire of society to be frivolous and generous, he forced large-scale construction and aroused the people's uprising, and the Sui Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline.
14, bonfire in the world at the end of Sui Dynasty (in troubled times) -6 13 ~6 18 (Yang Xuangan rebelled ~ Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor for five years)-Shi Biao, Yang Xuangan, Li Yuan-Yang Di hanged themselves, Wagangshan Uprising-
15, Zhenguan Rule, Kaiyuan Shengshi (Shengshi) -6 18 ~ 755 (Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor ~ An Shi Rebellion broke out 137)- Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty-improved the imperial examination system and the six-part system in three provinces, and Emperor Taizong accepted good advice and made great use of it. Tang Xuanzong did not make progress in his later years and believed in villains, which led to the Anshi rebellion.
16, Anshi Rebellion, Tubo Invasion (troubled times) -755 ~ 762 (Anshi Rebellion broke out ~ Tang Suzong died for 7 years)-Anshi Rebellion, Shi Siming, Tang Suzong, Guo Ziyi-Suiyang War, Yecheng War, and the recovery of the two capitals-Datang has a vast territory, and Xuanzong set up an envoy to command a state's military. With the political corruption and the development of feudal economy in the Tang Dynasty, land annexation accelerated, and some people even moved into exile. The equal land system was destroyed, and the decay of the ruling class increased the burden on the people, which eventually led to the Anshi rebellion. During the turmoil, Tubo took the opportunity to expand eastward and occupied a large area of land in Longyou and Hexi.
17, eunuchs play politics, the regime of the buffer region (poor) -76 1 ~ 835 (Tang Suzong died ~ 74 years after Mannan reform)-Tang Daizong, Chou Shiliang, Tang Wenzong-reform food prices, Mannan reform, eunuchs control Ce Shen army-eunuchs control state affairs, and there are our military advisers outside. Although Daizong, Shunzong and Xianzong devoted themselves to reform, the effect was not great. It was not until Wu Zong succeeded to the throne that the situation improved slightly.
18, Huichang Zhongxing, Dazhongzhi (governing the world) -835 ~ 859 (Ganlu Change ~ Xuanzong died for 24 years)-Tang Wuzong, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty-exterminating Buddha, Fanfan Town, strengthening centralization, defeating Uighur, rectifying official management, and recovering Hexi-Tang Empire's final return.
19, Enoch, in the last years of the Tang Dynasty (troubled times) -859 ~ 907 (Xuanzong died ~ Zhu Wen usurped the Tang Dynasty for 48 years)-Zong Yi, Xi, Huang Chao, Zhu Wen-Zong Yi, Xi were incompetent and their politics were growing. Huang Chao rebels approached Chang 'an, and Nuozong Nai fled to Sichuan. Although Huang Chao defeated himself with Zhu Wen's surrender to the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was powerless. After Nozong's death, General Zhu Wen came to power and eventually usurped the throne.
20, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, changeable (troubled times) -907 ~ 960 (53 years from Zhu Wen's usurpation of the Tang Dynasty to the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty)-Guo Wei, Chai Rong, Shi Jingtang-ceded sixteen states, the rise of Liao in Xixia-After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, wars continued in various places, and Liao invaded the Central Plains continuously, resulting in sharp ethnic contradictions. Chai Rong wanted to fight against the south after unifying the north in the following week.
2 1, emphasizing the suppression of martial arts, economic prosperity (prosperous times) -960 ~ 1069 (the establishment of the northern song dynasty ~ Wang Anshi's political reform 109)- Zhao Kuangyin, Zhao Pu, Fan Zhongyan, Di Qing-relieve the soldiers with a glass of wine, unify the soldiers with civil servants, and attach importance to education-the northern song dynasty was. The gross national product (GNP) in A.D. 1000 was US$ 26.55 billion, accounting for 22.7% of the world economy, and the per capita GDP was US$ 2,280, far exceeding that of Britain during the industrial revolution. However, due to the same partisan struggle in the imperial court, the politics in the later years of the Northern Song Dynasty gradually dimmed.
22, excessive political reform, party struggle (total)-1069 ~127 (Wang Anshi's political reform ~ the shame of fifty-eight years in Jingkang)-Song Shenzong, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Cai Jing-Ma Baolv, Miao Law-Song Shenzong started Wang Anshi's transformation. Although the reform was progressive, many radical measures were not understood and supported by conservatives, and Wang Anshi's pride and stubbornness, and Cai Jing and other villains used the reform to deceive Wang Anshi. The rift between the reformists and conservatives gradually widened, and the reform movement gradually evolved into a power struggle between the two parties, leading to political corruption at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the villains were in power, which eventually led to the disaster of Jingkang.
23, Jingkang hate, irretrievable country (troubled times)-1127 ~1142 (Jingkang's shame ~ Yue Fei was killed in 15)-Zhao Gou, Qin Gui and Yue Fei. Fortunately, Zong Ze, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and others killed the enemy with blood, which forced Xu Jin to make peace with the Southern Song Dynasty. However, because Song Gaozong and Qin Gui were bent on peace, they were jealous of Yue Fei's achievements and killed him in the name of nothingness. Since then, the Southern Song Dynasty has paid tribute to Jin, and the two sides have maintained peace for a long time.
24. Only consider Hangzhou as a border state (general)-11206 (Yue Fei was killed ~ Temujin unified Mongolian ministries for 64 years)-Hantuo Prefecture, Xin Qiji, Temujin-Hantuo Prefecture suffered a great defeat in the northern expedition, Mongolia was unified, and compasses were widely used, at sea. At that time, the maritime trade in the Southern Song Dynasty was developed, science and technology advanced, and gunpowder was used in war on a large scale.
25. Fighting against Mongolia, Elegy of Life and Death (Gone with the Times)-1206 ~ 1279 (Temujin unified all Mongolian ministries ~ 73 years of Yashan naval battle)-Wen Tianxiang, Torre, Mongolia, the battle of Jia Sidao-Xiangyang, the battle of Fishing City, the naval battle of Yashan-with the invasion of Mongolia, ethnic conflicts.
26. The establishment of Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and alien rule (poverty)-1279 ~1351(72 years from the Battle of Yashan to the Red Scarf Army Uprising)-Kublai Khan, Kelpolo-eastward subjugated Japan, Kelpolo East, Quanzhou, Dagang City, and established provincial system and Penghu. In the later period, the rule was corrupt, the civil strife of the prime minister was frequent, and the ethnic contradictions deepened, which triggered a large-scale peasant uprising.
27. Red Scarf Uprising, turmoil at the end of Yuan Dynasty (troubled times)-1351368 (Red Scarf Uprising ~ Yuan Shundi fled, a total of 17) Liu Futong, Tuotuo, Zhang Shicheng-Poyang Lake Campaign-large-scale peasant uprising, Zhu Yuanzhang gradually took off.
28. The imperial power is dominant, and countries come to Korea (prosperous times)-1368 ~1449 (Yuan Shundi fled to the change of the civil fort 8 1 year)-Zhu Yuanzhang, Judy and Zheng He-punish corrupt officials, abolish the prime minister, fight tough battles, form a cabinet and walk stereotyped writing.
29. The inauguration ceremony of the Northern Emperor was whitewashed (better)-1449 ~ 1505 (the change of the civil fort ~ the death of Xiaozong in 56 years)-Wang Zhen, Zhu Qizhen, Yu Qian, Xiaozong-the civil fort incident, the Beijing defense war and political change-after the change of the civil fort.
30. Uber Imperial Court, Power Struggle (Total) ——1505 ~1618 (the death of Emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty ~ seven great enmities, totaling 1 13 years) ——— Ming Wuzong, Yang Tinghe and Jiajing. Although there were political reforms during the Zhang period, with the death of Zhang, many political reforms were forced to stop. Land annexation is unprecedented and farmers are displaced. With Nurhachi's announcement of the Seven Deaths, he officially declared anti-Ming, which opened a new troubled times.
3 1, troubled times in the late Ming Dynasty, domestic troubles and foreign invasion (troubled times)-1618 ~1644 (seven vendettas after the entry of the Qing Dynasty ~ 26 years)-Nurhachi, Chongzhen, Yuan Chonghuan, Shunzhi-Salhu decisive battle.
32. After the founding of the Qing Dynasty, Kanggan flourished-1644 ~ 1799 (Manchu entered the customs ~ Gan Long died, totaling 155)- Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Gan Long-closed to the outside world, 13 trips to Guangzhou, establishment of the Ministry of War, However, due to the suppression of the Han people by the Qing rulers and the expansion of the literary inquisition, the political system gradually became rigid and did not adapt to the world trend.
33. Closed doors threaten prosperity (generally)-1799 ~ 1840 (Qianlong died ~ Opium War for 4 1 year)-Jiaqing, Daoguang, Lin Zexu-exterminating Shenyang, anti-corruption, Tenrikyo Uprising, Ma Lixun coming to China-
34. The mountains and rivers are broken, and the nation is in danger (in troubled times)-1840 ~ 1949 (Opium War ~ the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) 109)- Cixi, Li Hongzhang, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen, Yuan Shikai, Chang, Li Runshi-Xinhai Revolution, imperial academy.
A total of 1067 troubled times (if the poor period of political corruption is counted 129 1 year).
There were 665,438+09 years of prosperity and governance (65,438+065,438+038, if you count the average and better period of political clarity).
Basically flat
This is a pure hand fight ~ more than an hour ~ please adopt it.