But in fact, the history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms seems chaotic, but it is actually very simple. The so-called five generations refers to the alternation of five generations in the north; The so-called ten countries refer to nine countries entrenched in seven southern provinces, plus one country entrenched in the north.
Let's talk about five generations first. As we all know, after Huang Chao, the Tang Empire basically existed in name only, leaving only an empty shelf. There are two people in Huang Chao who made it big in our time. One is Li Keyong, the king of Shanxi, and the other is Zhu Wen, the king of Liang who is entrenched in Henan.
Zhu Wen was originally a subordinate of Huang Chao. Later, he defected to the Tang Dynasty and made a meritorious military service. He was named by Tang Xizong? All in? And then ordered Liang Wang, and later Zhu Wen, to lead troops into Guanzhong and control the central government of the Tang Dynasty. Seven years later, Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Tang Dynasty, and the founding name was Liang. Back beam? This is the first generation of the Five Dynasties.
At that time, although Zhu Wen proclaimed himself emperor, Li Keyong, the king of Jin who occupied Shanxi, didn't abandon him at all and didn't recognize his status as emperor, so the two sides launched a war in Luzhou. The battle began in May 907 and lasted until March 908. Li Keyong also died in this battle.
Later, Li Keyong's son, Li Jiwei, led an army to attack Zhu Wen, causing tens of thousands of casualties in Zhu Wen. At this point, the battle ended in Zhu Wen's failure. Zhu Wen also lamented:? Give birth to a son like Li Yazi (Li's nickname), although Li Keyong is still alive! Compared with it, my son is like a pig and a dog! ?
Four years later, Zhu Wen was killed by his own son because of the problem of heir. Li took the opportunity to send troops to destroy the beam, proclaimed himself emperor, and named his country Datang, which is called "History"? Later Tang dynasty? This is the fifth generation and the second generation. As for the third generation, the fourth generation and the fifth generation, in fact, they basically belong to the military bosses who take turns to sit in the village.
First, Li Siyuan, Li's godbrother, robbed Li's throne, and then Li Congke, Li Siyuan's godson, robbed Li Conghou, Li Siyuan's own son. Finally, Li Siyuan's son-in-law Shi Jingtang robbed Li Siyuan's adopted son, Li Congke, of the throne, and the later Tang Dynasty perished in this way. After Shi Jingtang proclaimed himself emperor, he changed the name of the country to Jin, which was known in history? Houjin? .
Ten years later, Shi Jingtang's late gold was destroyed by the Khitan, so his cronies, Liu Zhiyuan, took the opportunity to proclaim himself emperor in Taiyuan, changing his country name to Han and calling him Shi? Houhan? . Four years later, Liu Zhiyuan's cronies, Guo Wei, robbed Liu Zhiyuan's son of the throne, changed his title to Zhou, and called him Shi? The following week? This is the so-called five dynasties in the north.
Later, Guo Wei's adopted son, Chai Rong, inherited Guo Wei's throne, and Chai Rong's cronies, Zhao Kuangyin, snatched the throne of Chai Rong orphans and widows, established the Northern Song Dynasty, and finally unified the whole country.
After five generations, let's talk about ten countries. The so-called ten countries are mainly divided into seven provinces in the south of the Yangtze River. They are: Shu State established by Sichuan warlords; Jing State established by Hubei warlords; Chu established by Hunan warlords; Wu was founded by Jiangsu warlords; Yue State established by Zhejiang warlords; Fujian state established by Fujian warlords; The Han State established by Guangdong warlords. These countries are actually easy to remember, because the country names of these countries are basically similar to the abbreviations of these provinces.
Some people may say, since there are seven provinces, why are there ten countries? That's because Wang Jianjian established Shu State in Sichuan. After being destroyed by Emperor Li of the Tang Dynasty, Meng Zhixiang was appointed as our envoy. Later, Meng Xiang made Sichuan independent again and rebuilt Shu. The emperors of these two Shu countries, one is Wang and the other is Meng, were called before Shu and after Shu in history, usually two countries.
At the same time, the State of Wu, which was established in Yang Xingmi, Jiangsu Province, was later renamed Tang by Xu Zhimo (Li Yu's grandfather, who restored his surname after he proclaimed himself emperor). Nantang? In this way, there are nine countries in the south. Although Nantang was located in the south of Huaihe River at that time, it was the largest and most powerful country among the ten countries. * * * Three generations, one emperor and two masters, enjoying the country for 39 years.
In the heyday of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Fujian and Chu were wiped out successively, occupying 35 southern states, covering parts of Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei and Hunan provinces. But later, Li Jing (Li Yu's father) of the Southern Tang Dynasty was defeated by Chai Rong in Huainan battlefield, and fourteen states in Jiangbei had to be ceded to Chai Rong, so the territory of the Later Zhou Dynasty was pushed from the north bank of Huaihe River to the north bank of Yangtze River, which laid the foundation for the Northern Song Dynasty to destroy the Southern Tang Dynasty.
In the post-war Southern Tang Dynasty, only southern Jiangsu (excluding Suzhou), southern Anhui, Jiangxi and eastern Fujian were left. Since then, there is no possibility of competing for the world in the Southern Tang Dynasty, so we can only eat and drink and wait for the last knife. So eighteen years later, Song Jun captured Jinling, and Li Yu came out of the mountain, and the Southern Tang Dynasty perished.
The last of the ten countries is the Northern Han Dynasty, which is entrenched in Shanxi. It is the only country among the ten northern countries, which was founded by the descendants of Liu Zhiyuan at the end of the Five Dynasties and the Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin and his brother Song Taizong successively wiped out heroes and wiped out the Northern Han Dynasty in 979, thus ending the Ten Kingdoms.