1, ancient naive materialism is a primitive spontaneous materialism. He believes that the origin of the world is one or several primitive substances, such as water, fire and gas, which is the origin of all things in the universe. The atomism of democritus, an ancient Greek philosopher, is the highest achievement of ancient naive materialism. He believes that everything is made up of tiny and indivisible atoms.
2. Modern metaphysical materialism: namely, the Anglo-French materialism in17th century and18th century is based on contemporary social development and natural science, and has a certain scientific basis (mechanical mechanics) and demonstration.
3. Modern dialectical materialism, that is, Marxist philosophy, has achieved a high degree of unity between materialism and dialectics, materialist dialectical view of nature and materialist dialectical view of history on the basis of scientific practice, and is a truly scientific, complete, thorough and practical materialist philosophy.
Extended data:
Matter determines consciousness, and the world is essentially material. It exists objectively without relying on people's consciousness, which is a philosophical view reflected by material existence in the human brain.
Material is primitive, consciousness is derived, and material determines consciousness; Consciousness has a dynamic influence on matter. Adhere to everything from reality, seek truth from facts, make the subjective conform to the objective, and realize the unity of subjective and objective concrete history; Attach importance to the role of consciousness, establish correct consciousness and overcome wrong consciousness.
Thinking and consciousness are primary, while existence and matter are secondary, which reverses the real relationship between thinking and existence, consciousness and matter, deviates from the coordinates of natural science and human practice, and practice is the basis of science. According to ontology, materialist Marxist philosophy is a scientific world outlook and methodology.
The world is the material of the objective material world; The existence and development of nature and society are objective; People's activities to transform nature and society should be based on their understanding of the objectivity of nature and society.
Human consciousness is the reflection of objective existence; Consciousness can react to objective things, and different consciousness has different reactions to the development of objective things; The reflection of consciousness on objective things is restricted by many factors. People have subjective initiative, objective regularity and subjective initiative; For China, everything should proceed from reality and seek truth from facts; Understand the national conditions, based on national conditions.
The relationship between matter and consciousness is the basic problem of philosophy; Starting from reality is the fundamental foothold for people to correctly understand and effectively transform the world; For China, starting from reality, we should build socialism with China characteristics.
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