The history of TCM development is one of the basic theoretical disciplines of TCM, a marginal discipline combining TCM with history, and a comprehensive discipline closely related to social science. It involves basic theories, related disciplines and clinical disciplines such as general history of TCM, dynastic history, specialist history, disease history, academic development history, academic thought history, various theories, academic schools, China philosophy history, cultural history, science and technology history and economic history.
The main task of the history of TCM development is to study and discuss the origin of TCM, the formation and development process of TCM theoretical system, the influence of social background, humanistic factors, science and technology culture, medical administration, TCM education, epidemics and foreign medicine on the development of TCM, the characteristics and outstanding achievements of TCM disciplines in different periods, the origin, connotation, development and perfection of major TCM theories and academic schools and their influence on future generations. Using dialectical materialism and historical materialism, it highlights the development track of traditional Chinese medicine, the dialectical relationship between practice and theory in the development process of traditional Chinese medicine, and focuses on the external factors and internal development laws of traditional Chinese medicine in various historical periods. Therefore, studying the history of TCM development is of great significance for understanding the reality, predicting the future, drawing lessons from history and defining the development direction of TCM.
The history of TCM development is based on Chinese medical history, general history of China medicine, brief history of China medicine, modern history of TCM, history of acupuncture and moxibustion in China, brief history of medical development, history of orthopedics and traumatology in China, history of medical exchange between China and foreign countries, academic development of TCM, outline of academic history of acupuncture and moxibustion in China, Chinese medicine culture, medical culture history of China and various theories of TCM. Factors affecting the development of Chinese medicine (such as politics, economy, culture, science and technology, philosophy, regional environment, foreign medicine, etc.). ); The origin and connotation of the main theories of traditional Chinese medicine and its influence on later generations.
Traditional Chinese medicine is a summary of China people's experience in production, life and fighting diseases. It has a unique theoretical system and is an important part of the excellent cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The development of TCM has gone through six periods: from ancient times to the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Jin and Tang Dynasties, the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the 20th century.
From ancient times to the Spring and Autumn Period, it is the origin and experience accumulation stage of traditional Chinese medicine, and people's understanding of diseases is extremely superficial. From the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, a hundred schools of thought contended in hundred schools of thought. Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi Waijing, Bainei Jing, Baiwaijing, Baibian Pian, Bian Que Neijing, Bian Que Waijing, Fifty-two Treatise on Febrile Diseases came out one after another, especially Huangdi Neijing and Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which laid the foundation for the theory of traditional Chinese medicine.
During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, rich clinical medication experience was accumulated, and many prescriptions preserved and recorded a large number of prescriptions, which laid the foundation for medical innovation in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there were constant wars, especially the confrontation between Song and Jin Dynasties, hunger, panic, labor and epidemic diseases. It is difficult to meet the clinical needs by abusing "local prescriptions", using drugs that are too warm and dry, sticking to the rules and regulations of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and treating today's diseases with ancient prescriptions; In addition, the rulers have relatively few ideological constraints on the people, and the literati's familiarity with medicine has expanded the ranks of Chinese medicine, obviously improved its cultural quality, and provided good conditions for the innovation of basic theories and the development of clinical medicine. To this end, Liu, Zhang, Wang, Zhu Zhenheng and others demonstrated and created conditions for innovation. Therefore, Liu, Zhang, Li, Wang, Zhu Zhenheng and others put forward the theory that all six qi can turn into fire, the theory of syndrome differentiation of zang-fu organs, the theory of meridian tropism, the theory that all diseases are caused by internal injury of the spleen and stomach, the theory that all diseases are caused by evil, and the theory of fire.
Ming and Qing dynasties were in the late feudal society, and social development presented a complicated situation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) continues to develop on the basis of the inertia of "Jin and Yuan Medicine". The theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine has gradually matured, the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment has been significantly improved, the method of warming and reinforcing has prevailed, and the textual research and interpretation of classic works has achieved fruitful results. In particular, the formation of the theory of febrile diseases and the publication of Compendium of Materia Medica reflect the new achievements of traditional Chinese medicine. Popularizing human pox vaccine to prevent smallpox is a brilliant page in the medical history of China and even the world. However, the closed door, the strong atmosphere of respecting classics and the introduction of western medicine in the late Qing Dynasty made Chinese medicine stagnate in the existing "perfection" and had a great impact on its future development.
In the first half of the 20th century, the social and cultural background was very complicated, and the development of traditional Chinese medicine was in a special historical stage. Not only did it not get the government's attention and support, but it was also discriminated and restricted. Therefore, Chinese medicine developed slowly under the extremely difficult conditions of academic innovation and resistance movement, and "improving medicine" became the general tone of Chinese medicine reform in this period. The compilation and publication of Chinese medicine series, books, reference books and medical records have played a positive role in the preservation, dissemination and popularization of Chinese medicine. The rapid development of folk Chinese medicine education, the establishment of many Chinese medicine academic groups and the publication of a large number of Chinese medicine newspapers and periodicals laid the foundation for the development of Chinese medicine in the second half of the year. Some doctors engage in exchanges between Chinese and western medicine, forming a trend of thought and school of thought of integrating Chinese and western medicine.
In the second half of the 20th century, the government attached great importance to the development of Chinese medicine, actively established Chinese medicine and acupuncture research institutions, vigorously developed Chinese medicine education, set up Chinese medicine hospitals all over the country, set up Chinese medicine academic groups, compiled and published Chinese medicine ancient books on a large scale, and published Chinese medicine newspapers and periodicals, which made great achievements, and made Chinese medicine enter an unprecedented development period and gradually go global.