The static observation and study of language system from a certain historical period is also called chronological linguistics.
Synchronic linguistics, also known as static linguistics, is a kind of linguistics founded by Saussure to distinguish whether two languages or sounds are the same, or whether two words in the same language are exactly the same. The characteristic of this subject is to insist on independent analysis in two languages at the same stage in order to solve or understand the similarities and differences between the two languages.
This subject was enlightened in the 20th century, and its research covers all major languages. The main schools are descriptive language school, transformational generation school and hierarchical language school. It paved the way for the emergence of "structuralism" and "behaviorism" in American linguistics.
2. Diachronic linguistics
Diachronic linguistics is a branch of language research, which studies the development and changes of a language from one era to another from the perspective of vertical development.
Diachronic linguistics, also known as evolutionary linguistics or historical linguistics, is a linguistic classification founded by Saussure, which refers to the study of the historical evolution of a language by most linguists before the emergence of modern linguistics, mainly studying the changes experienced by a language in a certain time span.
Face-up method (describing the history of a language in chronological order according to literature research) and retrospective method (reconstructing a language through comparison) are used to study this problem.
Extended data:
Language function:
It is a discipline that takes human language as the research object, and its exploration scope includes the essence, function, structure, application and historical development of language, as well as other language-related issues. The object of linguistic research is objective linguistic facts. Both modern language and ancient language are objective language phenomena.
Although the meanings expressed in different discourses are subjective and vary widely, the linguistic information conveyed can be understood by others. Linguistics is usually defined as the scientific and systematic theoretical study of language. Language is the most important communication tool for human beings and the direct reality of thought.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Diachronic Linguistics
Baidu encyclopedia-synchronic linguistics