About one hundred years later, on 1776, the American Declaration of Independence was first declared in the form of a platform: "All men are created equal." 1789 France directly put forward the "declaration of human rights" in the name of "human rights". 1948 12 10 The Third United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, declaring that all people in the world, regardless of gender, enjoy various basic rights and freedoms. Since then, human history has entered a new era.
In today's world, most countries have incorporated the protection of personal freedom into legal provisions. Although countries have different interpretations of the law, there is no doubt that the historical development of human freedom has indeed entered a brand-new era.
While rejoicing, we must not forget the efforts and sacrifices made by the British people. Because the slogan of "human rights" was first put forward in the "right petition" submitted by the British Parliament to the king in 1628. Then, from 65438 to 0679, the British Parliament passed the Personal Protection Act, which stipulated the law of "protecting human rights". This is a great feat in the history of the world legal system, which has brought the history of human rights into a new era.
However, for the British people, after the establishment of "human rights protection" in the17th century, "human rights" were not readily available, but were obtained through some struggles and contests.
1625, Charles I, known as the "tyrant", ascended the throne of the Stuart dynasty. Charles I was autocratic, advocating "divine right of monarchy", ignoring the power of parliament, putting parliament aside for a long time and letting his son and minions run amok. Less than three years after ruling the country, 1628 had a strong conflict with the parliament.
At this time, parliament became a weapon in the hands of the bourgeoisie to challenge feudal autocracy. Parliament decided to solve the monopoly problem of Charles I by refusing to raise funds for the king. However, in order to ensure his property, the king immediately drew up a plan to raise funds, prepared to issue public bonds and forced the people to buy them. In addition, in order to legalize his apparent attempt, he summoned all the judges of the royal court and forced them to sign a statement stating that the bonds were legal; As a result, Charles I was unanimously protested by the judges.
The king's attempt failed, but he relied on his own strength to imprison those who refused to pay, and those who could not afford to pay were incorporated into the army and sent to the battlefield. In order to raise money, the king also sent troops to station the people. All these human rights violations make people more and more dissatisfied with Charles I.
Among those arrested, there is a man named Danilo. Under his leadership, people filed a petition for habeas corpus with the royal court, and extended the relevant provisions of the Magna Carta and other laws, emphasizing that even if the king has the right to arrest people, he should also explain the reasons for his arrest! At the same time, it is required to release some people first. But people's reasonable demands have not been adopted.
In this case, the British Parliament took radical bloody measures to avoid the beginning. A draft bill on people's life was submitted to the king, which clearly stipulates that no free man shall be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his commercial rights, freedoms and free habits unless he passes a legal judgment or according to national laws. After the first draft of the "right petition" was put forward, the king's answer was rather vague: Parliament then spoke again. Finally, the king finally made a concession under the voice of the people. Although the king's concession was an expedient measure, the slogan of "protecting human rights" appeared for the first time in human history, which laid a solid foundation for the progress of human rights.
Half a century later, when charles ii came to power, there were three chapters, that is, the kingship could not exceed the power of parliament. But after he ascended the throne, he gradually broke his word and did many unnatural things. At that time, the justices in the charles ii period were also very autocratic and had real power. In order to prevent their power from expanding, the parliament decided to incorporate the laws in the Personal Protection Law into the parliament's legislation, which was formally implemented in 1679. At the same time, we will take this opportunity to compile articles on the defense of writs, the duties of prison officials, and the powers of judges. 1679 On May 26th, charles ii was forced to sign the Law on the Protection of Human Rights.
Article 20 of the Law on the Protection of Human Rights, the core content of which is: Without the unanimous approval of the Parliament, people shall not be forced to pay any taxes, taxes or other taxes; You can't arrest people without due process stipulated by law, and so on. Since then, the British people have obtained the basic legal protection of individual freedom.
The slogan of "human rights" and the appearance of the Law on the Protection of Human Rights have made the history of human rights enter a new milestone and promoted the development of human history.
1689, Britain passed the Bill of Rights, which stipulated some provisions to protect human rights. /kloc-the theory of "natural human rights" put forward by Locke and Rousseau, bourgeois enlightenment thinkers in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, laid the foundation of human rights theory.
1776, the American Declaration of Independence first announced in the form of a platform that all people are born equal and enjoy inviolable natural human rights-the right to life, freedom and the right to pursue happiness. Marx called it "the first declaration of human rights".
1789, France directly put forward the Declaration of Human Rights in the name of "human rights", stipulating that "as far as rights are concerned, all people are born free and always equal". Later, human rights became the ideological weapon of the bourgeoisie in various countries to oppose feudal autocracy and carry out democratic revolution, which was of progressive significance in history.
After World War II, human rights became a tool of international political struggle. 1948 12 10 The Third United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, declaring that all people in the world, regardless of gender, enjoy all kinds of basic rights and freedoms, and established the "Human Rights Commission". 1976 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which came into effect, have developed the new concept of human rights.
Under the socialist system, human rights have a new meaning. The working people have mastered state power and eliminated exploitation. Working people become masters of the country and society, enjoying full personal dignity, individual rights and democratic rights.